| Structural highlights
1cvd is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: |
| | Activity: | Carbonate dehydratase, with EC number 4.2.1.1 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, RCSB, PDBsum |
Disease
[CAH2_HUMAN] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:259730]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Function
[CAH2_HUMAN] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.[6] [7]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
In order to probe the structural importance of zinc ligands in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), we have determined the three-dimensional structures of H94C (in metal-bound form), H94C-BME (i.e., disulfide-linked with beta-mercaptoethanol), H94A, H96C, H119C, and H119D variants of CAII by X-ray crystallographic methods at resolutions of 2.2, 2.35, 2.25, 2.3, 2.2, and 2.25 A, respectively. Each variant crystallizes isomorphously with the wild-type enzyme, in which zinc is tetrahedrally coordinated by H94, H96, H119, and hydroxide ion. The structure of H94C CAII reveals the successful substitution of the naturally occurring histidine zinc ligand by a cysteine thiolate, and metal coordination by C94 is facilitated by the plastic structural response of the beta-sheet superstructure. Importantly, the resulting structure represents the catalytically active form of the enzyme reported previously [Alexander, R. S., Kiefer, L. L., Fierke, C. A., & Christianson, D. W. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 1510-1518]. Contrastingly, the structure of H96C CAII reveals that the engineered side chain does not coordinate to zinc; instead, zinc is tetrahedrally liganded by H94, H119, and two solvent molecules. Thus, the beta-sheet superstructure is not sufficiently plastic in this location to allow C96 to coordinate to the metal ion. Substitution of the thiolate or carboxylate group for wild-type histidine in H119C and H119D CAIIs reveals that tetrahedral metal coordination is maintained in each variant; however, since there is no plastic structural response of the corresponding beta-strand, a longer metal-ligand separation results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural consequences of redesigning a protein-zinc binding site.,Ippolito JA, Christianson DW Biochemistry. 1994 Dec 27;33(51):15241-9. PMID:7803386[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Venta PJ, Welty RJ, Johnson TM, Sly WS, Tashian RE. Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome in a Belgian family is caused by a point mutation at an invariant histidine residue (107 His----Tyr): complete structure of the normal human CA II gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Nov;49(5):1082-90. PMID:1928091
- ↑ Roth DE, Venta PJ, Tashian RE, Sly WS. Molecular basis of human carbonic anhydrase II deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 1;89(5):1804-8. PMID:1542674
- ↑ Soda H, Yukizane S, Yoshida I, Koga Y, Aramaki S, Kato H. A point mutation in exon 3 (His 107-->Tyr) in two unrelated Japanese patients with carbonic anhydrase II deficiency with central nervous system involvement. Hum Genet. 1996 Apr;97(4):435-7. PMID:8834238
- ↑ Hu PY, Lim EJ, Ciccolella J, Strisciuglio P, Sly WS. Seven novel mutations in carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome identified by SSCP and direct sequencing analysis. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(5):383-7. PMID:9143915 doi:<383::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-5 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)9:5<383::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-5
- ↑ Shah GN, Bonapace G, Hu PY, Strisciuglio P, Sly WS. Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome (osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and brain calcification): novel mutations in CA2 identified by direct sequencing expand the opportunity for genotype-phenotype correlation. Hum Mutat. 2004 Sep;24(3):272. PMID:15300855 doi:10.1002/humu.9266
- ↑ Briganti F, Mangani S, Scozzafava A, Vernaglione G, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes cyanamide hydration to urea: is it mimicking the physiological reaction? J Biol Inorg Chem. 1999 Oct;4(5):528-36. PMID:10550681
- ↑ Kim CY, Whittington DA, Chang JS, Liao J, May JA, Christianson DW. Structural aspects of isozyme selectivity in the binding of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases II and IV. J Med Chem. 2002 Feb 14;45(4):888-93. PMID:11831900
- ↑ Ippolito JA, Christianson DW. Structural consequences of redesigning a protein-zinc binding site. Biochemistry. 1994 Dec 27;33(51):15241-9. PMID:7803386
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