Function
Neprilysin (NEP), also known as neutral endopeptidase, is a Zn-dependent metalloprotease which degrades small secreted peptides like the beta-amyloid peptide, tachykinin, neurotensin and enkephalins.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] NEP turns off peptide signaling events at the cell surface. NEP is found in brain tissue and is an integral membrane protein.
Relevance
NEP signaling has also been implicated in cardiovascular disease.[9] NEP level increases in Alzheimer's disease patients[10]. NEP inhibitors are tested as analgesics and anti-hypertensive agents.
Structural highlights
A tetrahedrally coordinated Zn atom interacts with the NEP inhibitor and is involved in the catalysis[11].
3D structures of neprilysin
Updated on 08-May-2016
1dmt – hNEP extracellular domain + Zn + phosphoramidon – human
4cth - hNEP extracellular domain (mutant) + Zn + phosphoramidon
1r1h, 1r1i, 1r1j, 1y8j, 2qpj, 2yb9 - hNEP extracellular domain + Zn + inhibitor
2yvc – NEP cytoplasmic tail + radixin - mouse
References
- ↑ Skidgel RA, Erdos EG. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and neprilysin hydrolyze neuropeptides: a brief history, the beginning and follow-ups to early studies. Peptides. 2004 Mar;25(3):521-5. PMID:15134871 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2003.12.010
- ↑ Ouimet T. Neprilysin 2: a novel messenger peptide-inactivating metalloprotease. Protein Pept Lett. 2004 Oct;11(5):479-89. PMID:15544569
- ↑ Hui KS. Brain-specific aminopeptidase: from enkephalinase to protector against neurodegeneration. Neurochem Res. 2007 Dec;32(12):2062-71. Epub 2007 May 3. PMID:17476590 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-007-9356-3
- ↑ Hersh LB, Rodgers DW. Neprilysin and amyloid beta peptide degradation. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2008 Apr;5(2):225-31. PMID:18393807
- ↑ Malito E, Hulse RE, Tang WJ. Amyloid beta-degrading cryptidases: insulin degrading enzyme, presequence peptidase, and neprilysin. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Aug;65(16):2574-85. doi: 10.1007/s00018-008-8112-4. PMID:18470479 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-008-8112-4
- ↑ Nalivaeva NN, Turner AJ. The amyloid precursor protein: a biochemical enigma in brain development, function and disease. FEBS Lett. 2013 Jun 27;587(13):2046-54. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.010. Epub , 2013 May 16. PMID:23684647 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.010
- ↑ Saido TC. Metabolism of amyloid beta peptide and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2013;89(7):321-39. PMID:23883611
- ↑ Grimm MO, Mett J, Stahlmann CP, Haupenthal VJ, Zimmer VC, Hartmann T. Neprilysin and Abeta Clearance: Impact of the APP Intracellular Domain in NEP Regulation and Implications in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2013 Dec 23;5:98. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00098. PMID:24391587 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2013.00098
- ↑ Segura J, Ruilope LM. Dual-acting angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2011 Feb;13(1):74-8. doi: 10.1007/s11906-010-0166-7. PMID:21046489 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11906-010-0166-7
- ↑ Miners JS, Baig S, Tayler H, Kehoe PG, Love S. Neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme levels are increased in Alzheimer disease in relation to disease severity. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009 Aug;68(8):902-14. doi:, 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181afe475. PMID:19606063 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181afe475
- ↑ Fabre D, Horta H, Diez G, Escobar JP, Barrios F. Reference values of immunoglobulin E in umbilical cord sera. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1991 Oct;1(5):335-9. PMID:1669592
