4wvm

Structural highlights

Function

[STXA_SYNHO] This lethal (towards mice) toxin induces hemolytic activities due to its ability to form pores in the cell membrane, elicits potent hypotension which is endothelium-dependent and appears to be mediated by the nitric oxide pathway and activation of potassium channels, displays edema-inducing activities, increases vascular permeability, induces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of isolated rat aorta, induces platelet aggregation, is myotoxic and interferes irreversibly with neuromuscular function.^{[1] [2] [3]} [STXB_SYNHO] This lethal (towards mice) toxin induces hemolytic activities due to its ability to form pores in the cell membrane, elicits potent hypotension which is endothelium-dependent and appears to be mediated by the nitric oxide pathway and activation of potassium channels, displays edema-inducing activities, increases vascular permeability, induces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of isolated rat aorta, induces platelet aggregation, is myotoxic and interferes irreversibly with neuromuscular function.^{[4] [5] [6]}

References

1. ↑ Poh CH, Yuen R, Khoo HE, Chung M, Gwee M, Gopalakrishnakone P. Purification and partial characterization of stonustoxin (lethal factor) from Synanceja horrida venom. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1991;99(4):793-8. PMID:1790672
2. ↑ Low KS, Gwee MC, Yuen R, Gopalakrishnakone P, Khoo HE. Stonustoxin: effects on neuromuscular function in vitro and in vivo. Toxicon. 1994 May;32(5):573-81. PMID:8079369
3. ↑ Chen D, Kini RM, Yuen R, Khoo HE. Haemolytic activity of stonustoxin from stonefish (Synanceja horrida) venom: pore formation and the role of cationic amino acid residues. Biochem J. 1997 Aug 1;325 ( Pt 3):685-91. PMID:9271089
4. ↑ Poh CH, Yuen R, Khoo HE, Chung M, Gwee M, Gopalakrishnakone P. Purification and partial characterization of stonustoxin (lethal factor) from Synanceja horrida venom. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1991;99(4):793-8. PMID:1790672
5. ↑ Low KS, Gwee MC, Yuen R, Gopalakrishnakone P, Khoo HE. Stonustoxin: effects on neuromuscular function in vitro and in vivo. Toxicon. 1994 May;32(5):573-81. PMID:8079369
6. ↑ Chen D, Kini RM, Yuen R, Khoo HE. Haemolytic activity of stonustoxin from stonefish (Synanceja horrida) venom: pore formation and the role of cationic amino acid residues. Biochem J. 1997 Aug 1;325 ( Pt 3):685-91. PMID:9271089