3e1u
From Proteopedia
The Crystal Structure of the Anti-Viral APOBEC3G Catalytic Domain
Structural highlights
Function[ABC3G_HUMAN] DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) that mediates a form of innate resistance to retroviral infections (at least to HIV-1 infection) by triggering G-to-A hypermutation in the newly synthesized viral DNA. The replacements C-to-U in the minus strand DNA of HIV-1 during reverse transcription, leads to G-to-A transitions in the plus strand. The inhibition of viral replication is either due to the degradation of the minus strand before its integration or to the lethality of the hypermutations. Modification of both DNA strands is not excluded. This antiviral activity is neutralized by the virion infectivity factor (VIF), that prevents the incorporation of APOBEC3G into progeny HIV-1 virions by both inhibiting its translation and/or by inducing its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. May also prevent the transposition of a subset of retroelements. Binds a variety of RNAs, but does not display detectable APOB, NF1 and NAT1 mRNA editing.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe APOBEC family members are involved in diverse biological functions. APOBEC3G restricts the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus and retroelements by cytidine deamination on single-stranded DNA or by RNA binding. Here we report the high-resolution crystal structure of the carboxy-terminal deaminase domain of APOBEC3G (APOBEC3G-CD2) purified from Escherichia coli. The APOBEC3G-CD2 structure has a five-stranded beta-sheet core that is common to all known deaminase structures and closely resembles the structure of another APOBEC protein, APOBEC2 (ref. 5). A comparison of APOBEC3G-CD2 with other deaminase structures shows a structural conservation of the active-site loops that are directly involved in substrate binding. In the X-ray structure, these APOBEC3G active-site loops form a continuous 'substrate groove' around the active centre. The orientation of this putative substrate groove differs markedly (by 90 degrees) from the groove predicted by the NMR structure. We have introduced mutations around the groove, and have identified residues involved in substrate specificity, single-stranded DNA binding and deaminase activity. These results provide a basis for understanding the underlying mechanisms of substrate specificity for the APOBEC family. Crystal structure of the anti-viral APOBEC3G catalytic domain and functional implications.,Holden LG, Prochnow C, Chang YP, Bransteitter R, Chelico L, Sen U, Stevens RC, Goodman MF, Chen XS Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):121-4. Epub 2008 Oct 12. PMID:18849968[13] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Categories: Human | Bransteitter, R | Chang, Y P | Chelico, L | Chen, X S | Goodman, R F | Holden, L | Prochnow, C | Sen, U | Stevens, R C | Alternative splicing | Antiviral defense | Cytoplasm | Five beta-strands surrounded by six alpha-helice | Host-virus interaction | Hydrolase | Metal-binding | Nucleus | Polymorphism | Ubl conjugation | Zinc
