Interleukin

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Contents 1 Function 2 Relevance 3 Disease 4 3D structures of interleukin 5 References

Function

Interleukin (IL) is a cytokine which functions in the immune system. IL families are denoted by numbers^[1].

• IL-1 is a group of 11 cytokines which regulate immune and inflammatory response. See Interleukin-1 beta.
  
• IL-2 is a cytokine made by leukocytes. It is used in cancer therapy to boost the immune system.
  
• IL-3 improves the body's natural response to disease by stimulating the differentiation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells into myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells.
  
• IL-4 induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th2 cells.
  
• IL-5 stimulates B cell growth and increases immunoglobulin secretion.
  
• IL-6 is both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory myokine.
  
• IL-7 is a cytokine important for B and T cells development.
  
• IL-8 induces chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
  
• IL-10 see Interleukin-10 and Inflammation & Rheumatoid Arthritis.
  
• IL-11 involved in the stimulation of megakaryocyte maturation.
  
• IL-12 induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th1 cells.
  
• IL-13 induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th2 cells.
  
• IL-15 see Interleukin-15.
  
• IL-16 acts as chemoattractant, modulator of T cell activity and inhibitor of HIV replication.
  
• IL-17 recruits monocytes and neutrophils to the site of inflammation.
  
• IL-18 induces cell-mediated immunity following infection by microbial lipopolysaccharides.
  
• IL-19 induces activation of the signal transducer and activator of STAT3.
  
• IL-21 has potent effect on natural killer cells.
  
• IL-22 stimulates inflammatory responses like S100 and defensin.
  
• IL-23 induces activation of the signal transducer and activator of STAT4.
  
• IL-28 has a role in the immune defense against viruses.
  
• IL-29 similar to IL-28.
  
• IL-33 induces helper T cells, mast cells, eosinophils and basophils to produce type 2 cytokines.
  
• IL-34 increases growth or survival of monocytes.
  
• IL-36 acts on naïve CD4+ T cells.

Relevance

Uncontrolled activation of IL-1 is a component of of some inflammatory diseases including gout^[2].
IL-8 is implicated in inflammatory lung diseases^[3].
IL-10 is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease^[4].
IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory agent^[5].
IL-23 is implicated in Crohn's disease^[6].

Disease

IL deficiency results in autoimmune disease.

3D structures of interleukin

Updated on 30-March-2016

References

1. ↑ Dinarello CA. Biology of interleukin 1. FASEB J. 1988 Feb;2(2):108-15. PMID:3277884
2. ↑ Schett G, Dayer JM, Manger B. Interleukin-1 function and role in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Jan;12(1):14-24. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.166. Epub 2015, Dec 10. PMID:26656658 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2016.166
3. ↑ Pease JE, Sabroe I. The role of interleukin-8 and its receptors in inflammatory lung disease: implications for therapy. Am J Respir Med. 2002;1(1):19-25. PMID:14720072
4. ↑ Shah N, Kammermeier J, Elawad M, Glocker EO. Interleukin-10 and interleukin-10-receptor defects in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012 Oct;12(5):373-9. doi: 10.1007/s11882-012-0286-z. PMID:22890722 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-012-0286-z
5. ↑ Iyer SS, Cheng G. Role of interleukin 10 transcriptional regulation in inflammation and autoimmune disease. Crit Rev Immunol. 2012;32(1):23-63. PMID:22428854
6. ↑ Feller DR, Kamanna VS, Newman HA, Romstedt KJ, Witiak DT, Bettoni G, Bryant SH, Conte-Camerino D, Loiodice F, Tortorella V. Dissociation of hypolipidemic and antiplatelet actions from adverse myotonic effects of clofibric acid related enantiomers. J Med Chem. 1987 Aug;30(8):1265-7. PMID:2441050