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Location
The human gene NOS1, found on chromosome 12, encodes for a nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide synthases consume L-arginine to produce nitric oxide, which is used as a signaling molecule. The chemical equation is shown below.
2 L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 4 O(2) = 2 L- citrulline + 2 nitric oxide + 3 NADP(+) + 4 H(2)O
This gene is expressed by all cell types because nitric oxide is used in a wide variety of processes including heme binding, NADP binding, calcium signaling, and oxidation-reduction reactions.
Function
Disease
Relevance
Structural highlights
Nos exists as a homodimer. This homodimer consists of two regions. One region is an N-terminal oxygenase domain and the other is a C-terminal reductase. The N-terminal oxygenase domain is an extended beta sheet cage with binding sites for heme and pterin. Nos has a N-terminal catalytic domain with a heme active site. Nos 1 also has a cofactor site nearby for tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B). Nos has a C-terminal reductase domain containing FMN, FAD and NADPH binding sites. Electrons are passed from FAD to FMN and then to the heme. This electron flow is controlled by the binding of CaM and Ca2+ in the linker region between the two major domains. The linker between the oxygenase and reductase domains contains a calmodulin-binding sequence. Nos1 is found in neuronal tissue.
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