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Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone, modelled using Phyre modelling engine[1]

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Introduction

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is a secretory neurohormone that causes growth hormone to be released from the pituitary gland. It is naturally produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. The hormone is produced as a 44 amino acid peptide hormone, and first appears in the hypothalamus between 18 and 29 weeks of gestation, corresponding to the initial production of growth hormone by the fetus [1]. Growth hormone is required for normal fetal and post fetal development, including bone growth and the regulation of protein production and the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates [2].

Structural Features

GHRH Receptor

The GHRH receptor gene is expressed in the pituitary as a G-coupled receptor that binds GHRH, resulting in the release of growth hormone [3]. The figure below and to the left is a model of the extracellular domain of the GHRH receptor. The figure below and to the right shows the extracellular and membrane spanning sections of the GHRH receptor, with possible single nucleotide points of mutation indicated by the letters T and P.

GHRH Receptor

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

Image:Jkse-21-173-g003-l.jpg[4]















Function and Pathway

Image:GHRH Signaling.jpg

This image shows the signalling pathway of GHRH causing the release of growth hormone [5]



Medical Implications

References

  1. ↑ Chawla RK, Parks JS, Rudman D. Structural variants of human growth hormone: biochemical, genetic, and clinical aspects. Annu Rev Med. 1983;34:519-47. PMID:6344776 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.34.020183.002511
  2. ↑ Tang SS, Zhang JH, Du MH, Wu J, Liu JJ. Construction and activity of a novel GHRH analog, Pro-Pro-hGHRH(1-44)-Gly-Gly-Cys. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004 Nov;25(11):1464-70. PMID:15525469
  3. ↑ Gaylinn BD. Molecular and cell biology of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999 Apr;9 Suppl A:37-44. PMID:10429879
  4. ↑ http://synapse.koreamed.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3803/jkes.2006.21.3.173&vmode=PUBREADER#!po=25.0000
  5. ↑ https://www.qiagen.com/us/shop/genes-and-pathways/pathway-details?pwid=199
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