Cas9 is a large multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the CRISPR-Cas adaptive defense mechanism found in a vast amount of bacteria and archaea [1]. It accomplishes this through the use of antisense RNAs which serve as signatures from past viral invasions [2]. The adaptive immunity occurs in three stages: insertion of invading DNA into CRISPR locus, transcription of precursor crRNA from CRISPR locus that will be used to generate crRNA, and crRNA-directed cleavage of foreign nucleic acids by cas9 [3].
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Role in CRISPR
Overall Structure
Active Site Structure
Structural highlights
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