Cas9 is a large multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the CRISPR-Cas adaptive defense mechanism found in a vast amount of bacteria and archaea [1]. It accomplishes this through the use of antisense RNAs which serve as signatures from past viral invasions [2]. The adaptive immunity occurs in three stages: insertion of invading DNA into CRISPR locus, transcription of precursor crRNA from CRISPR locus that will be used to generate crRNA that matches its target sequence for 20 base pairs, and crRNA-directed cleavage of foreign nucleic acids by cas9. PAM (protospacer adjacent motif) sequences must be present adjacent to the crRNA-targeted sequence to be cleaved [1]. In addition to the crRNA, cas9 incoporates another RNA chain that serves to anchor the crRNA to the protein. This tracrRNA is partially complimentary to a piece of the crRNA and interacts with an arginine-rich alpha helix to anchor both pieces of RNA to cas 9 [3]. Just in the last few years, this defensive mechanism and the cas9 protein has been used to develop genome engineering applications. Tracr
This is a default text for your page Wally Novak/Sandbox Brown. Click above on edit this page to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs.
You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia [4] or to the article describing Jmol [5] to the rescue.
Image:Cas9image.jpg
Overall Structure
The Cas9 protein contains two nuclease domains, HNH and RuvC
Active Site Structure
Structural highlights
This is a sample scene created with SAT to by Group, and another to make of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.
