2poi
From Proteopedia
Crystal structure of XIAP BIR1 domain (I222 form)
Structural highlights
Disease[XIAP_HUMAN] Defects in XIAP are the cause of lymphoproliferative syndrome X-linked type 2 (XLP2) [MIM:300635]. XLP is a rare immunodeficiency characterized by extreme susceptibility to infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Symptoms include severe or fatal mononucleosis, acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, pancytopenia and malignant lymphoma.[1] Function[XIAP_HUMAN] Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, copper homeostasis, mitogenic kinase signaling, cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. Acts as a direct caspase inhibitor. Directly bind to the active site pocket of CASP3 and CASP7 and obstructs substrate entry. Inactivates CASP9 by keeping it in a monomeric, inactive state. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating NF-kappa-B signaling and the target proteins for its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity include: RIPK1, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, CASP9, MAP3K2/MEKK2, DIABLO/SMAC, AIFM1, CCS and BIRC5/survivin. Ubiquitinion of CCS leads to enhancement of its chaperone activity toward its physiologic target, SOD1, rather than proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitinion of MAP3K2/MEKK2 and AIFM1 does not lead to proteasomal degradation. Plays a role in copper homeostasis by ubiquitinationg COMMD1 and promoting its proteasomal degradation. Can also function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway, targeting effector caspases for neddylation and inactivation. Regulates the BMP signaling pathway and the SMAD and MAP3K7/TAK1 dependent pathways leading to NF-kappa-B and JNK activation. Acts as an important regulator of innate immune signaling via regulation of Nodlike receptors (NLRs). Protects cells from spontaneous formation of the ripoptosome, a large multi-protein complex that has the capability to kill cancer cells in a caspase-dependent and caspase-independent manner. Suppresses ripoptosome formation by ubiquitinating RIPK1 and CASP8. Acts as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling and ubiquitinates TLE1, TLE2, TLE3, TLE4 and AES. Ubiquitination of TLE3 results in inhibition of its interaction with TCF7L2/TCF4 thereby allowing efficient recruitment and binding of the transcriptional coactivator beta-catenin to TCF7L2/TCF4 that is required to initiate a Wnt-specific transcriptional program.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedIn addition to caspase inhibition, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) induces NF-kappaB and MAP kinase activation during TGF-b and BMP receptor signaling and upon overexpression. Here we show that the BIR1 domain of XIAP, which has no previously ascribed function, directly interacts with TAB1 to induce NF-kappaB activation. TAB1 is an upstream adaptor for the activation of the kinase TAK1, which in turn couples to the NF-kappaB pathway. We report the crystal structures of BIR1, TAB1, and the BIR1/TAB1 complex. The BIR1/TAB1 structure reveals a striking butterfly-shaped dimer and the detailed interaction between BIR1 and TAB1. Structure-based mutagenesis and knockdown of TAB1 show unambiguously that the BIR1/TAB1 interaction is crucial for XIAP-induced TAK1 and NF-kappaB activation. We show that although not interacting with BIR1, Smac, the antagonist for caspase inhibition by XIAP, also inhibits the XIAP/TAB1 interaction. Disruption of BIR1 dimerization abolishes XIAP-mediated NF-kappaB activation, implicating a proximity-induced mechanism for TAK1 activation. XIAP induces NF-kappaB activation via the BIR1/TAB1 interaction and BIR1 dimerization.,Lu M, Lin SC, Huang Y, Kang YJ, Rich R, Lo YC, Myszka D, Han J, Wu H Mol Cell. 2007 Jun 8;26(5):689-702. PMID:17560374[14] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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