shows the alpha helixes and beta pleaded sheets of nitronate monooxygenase.
Nitronate Monooxygenase (NMO) is an FMN-dependent (flavin mononucleotide) enzyme that oxidizes the neurotoxin propionate 3-nitronate (P3N). FMN is produced from riboflavin or Vitamin B2 by riboflavin kinase and can function as a prosthetic group for NADH dehydrogenase [1]. NMO is widely known as the best system for P3N detoxification in many different organisms.
Function
NMOs are FMN-dependent enzymes that can quickly and efficiently catalyze the oxidation of P3N. They can also oxidize alkyl nitronates but with lower catalytic efficiency in comparison to P3N.[2][3] Recent structural studies suggest there are two classes of NMOs, Class I and Class II.[4] Class I NMOs
Disease
P3N can be considered a toxic compound that is commonly found in legumes, fungi, and leaf beetles. During hydrolysis, P3N is released from esters and acts as an irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase. [5] Succinate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in the Kreb's cycle and the electron transport chain for oxidative phosphorylation. Because this is inhibited, it can lead to a variety of neurological disorders and can even cause death. [6]
Structural highlights
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