| Structural highlights
Disease
[FTO_HUMAN] Defects in FTO are the cause of growth retardation developmental delay coarse facies and early death (GDFD) [MIM:612938]. A severe polymalformation syndrome characterized by postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, severe psychomotor delay, functional brain deficits and characteristic facial dysmorphism. In some patients, structural brain malformations, cardiac defects, genital anomalies, and cleft palate are observed. Early death occurs by the age of 3 years.[1]
Function
[FTO_HUMAN] Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards single-stranded RNA containing 3-methyluracil, followed by single-stranded DNA containing 3-methylthymine. Has low demethylase activity towards single-stranded DNA containing 1-methyladenine or 3-methylcytosine. Has no activity towards 1-methylguanine. Has no detectable activity towards double-stranded DNA. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate and iron. Contributes to the regulation of the global metabolic rate, energy expenditure and energy homeostasis. Contributes to the regulation of body size and body fat accumulation.[2] [3]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Recent studies have established the involvement of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) in metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which FTO regulates metabolism remains unknown. Here, we used a structure-based virtual screening of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs to identify entacapone as a potential FTO inhibitor. Using structural and biochemical studies, we showed that entacapone directly bound to FTO and inhibited FTO activity in vitro. Furthermore, entacapone administration reduced body weight and lowered fasting blood glucose concentrations in diet-induced obese mice. We identified the transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) mRNA as a direct substrate of FTO, and demonstrated that entacapone elicited its effects on gluconeogenesis in the liver and thermogenesis in adipose tissues in mice by acting on an FTO-FOXO1 regulatory axis.
Identification of entacapone as a chemical inhibitor of FTO mediating metabolic regulation through FOXO1.,Peng S, Xiao W, Ju D, Sun B, Hou N, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhao H, Gao C, Zhang S, Cao R, Li P, Huang H, Ma Y, Wang Y, Lai W, Ma Z, Zhang W, Huang S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Cai T, Zhao YL, Wang F, Nie Y, Zhi G, Yang YG, Zhang EE, Huang N Sci Transl Med. 2019 Apr 17;11(488). pii: 11/488/eaau7116. doi:, 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7116. PMID:30996080[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Boissel S, Reish O, Proulx K, Kawagoe-Takaki H, Sedgwick B, Yeo GS, Meyre D, Golzio C, Molinari F, Kadhom N, Etchevers HC, Saudek V, Farooqi IS, Froguel P, Lindahl T, O'Rahilly S, Munnich A, Colleaux L. Loss-of-function mutation in the dioxygenase-encoding FTO gene causes severe growth retardation and multiple malformations. Am J Hum Genet. 2009 Jul;85(1):106-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.002. Epub 2009, Jun 25. PMID:19559399 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.002
- ↑ Jia G, Yang CG, Yang S, Jian X, Yi C, Zhou Z, He C. Oxidative demethylation of 3-methylthymine and 3-methyluracil in single-stranded DNA and RNA by mouse and human FTO. FEBS Lett. 2008 Oct 15;582(23-24):3313-9. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.08.019., Epub 2008 Sep 5. PMID:18775698 doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.08.019
- ↑ Han Z, Niu T, Chang J, Lei X, Zhao M, Wang Q, Cheng W, Wang J, Feng Y, Chai J. Crystal structure of the FTO protein reveals basis for its substrate specificity. Nature. 2010 Apr 22;464(7292):1205-9. Epub 2010 Apr 7. PMID:20376003 doi:10.1038/nature08921
- ↑ Peng S, Xiao W, Ju D, Sun B, Hou N, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhao H, Gao C, Zhang S, Cao R, Li P, Huang H, Ma Y, Wang Y, Lai W, Ma Z, Zhang W, Huang S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Cai T, Zhao YL, Wang F, Nie Y, Zhi G, Yang YG, Zhang EE, Huang N. Identification of entacapone as a chemical inhibitor of FTO mediating metabolic regulation through FOXO1. Sci Transl Med. 2019 Apr 17;11(488). pii: 11/488/eaau7116. doi:, 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7116. PMID:30996080 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7116
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