1mu8
From Proteopedia
thrombin-hirugen_l-378,650
Structural highlights
Disease[THRB_HUMAN] Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:613679]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:601367]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.[13] Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:188050]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:614390]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.[14] Function[THRB_HUMAN] Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.[15] [HIR2B_HIRME] Hirudin is a potent thrombin-specific protease inhibitor. It forms a stable non-covalent complex with alpha-thrombin, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave fibrinogen. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedRecent efforts in the field of thrombin inhibitor research have focused on the identification of compounds with good oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. In this manuscript we describe a metabolism-based approach to the optimization of the 3-(2-phenethylamino)-6-methylpyrazinone acetamide template (e.g., 1) which resulted in the modification of each of the three principal components (i.e., P1, P2, P3) comprising this series. As a result of these studies, several potent thrombin inhibitors (e.g., 20, 24, 25) were identified which exhibit high levels of oral bioavailability and long plasma half-lives. Metabolism-directed optimization of 3-aminopyrazinone acetamide thrombin inhibitors. Development of an orally bioavailable series containing P1 and P3 pyridines.,Burgey CS, Robinson KA, Lyle TA, Sanderson PE, Lewis SD, Lucas BJ, Krueger JA, Singh R, Miller-Stein C, White RB, Wong B, Lyle EA, Williams PD, Coburn CA, Dorsey BD, Barrow JC, Stranieri MT, Holahan MA, Sitko GR, Cook JJ, McMasters DR, McDonough CM, Sanders WM, Wallace AA, Clayton FC, Bohn D, Leonard YM, Detwiler TJ Jr, Lynch JJ Jr, Yan Y, Chen Z, Kuo L, Gardell SJ, Shafer JA, Vacca JP J Med Chem. 2003 Feb 13;46(4):461-73. PMID:12570369[16] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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Categories: Human | Large Structures | Thrombin | Barrow, J C | Bohn, D | Burgey, C S | Chen, Z | Clayton, F C | Coburn, C A | Cook, J J | Detwiler, T J | Dorsey, B D | Gardell, S J | Holahan, M A | Krueger, J A | Kuo, L | Leonard, Y M | Lewis, S D | Lucas, B J | Lyle, E A | Lyle, T A | Lynch, J J | McDonough, C M | McMasters, D R | Miller-Stein, C | Robinson, K A | Sanders, W M | Sanderson, P E | Shafer, J A | Singh, R | Sitko, G R | Stranieri, M T | Vacca, J P.J | Wallace, A A | White, R B | Williams, P D | Wong, B | Yan, Y | Blood clotting | Hydrolase-hydrolase inhibitor complex | Thrombin-hirugen
