6rqc
From Proteopedia
Cryo-EM structure of an MCM loading intermediate
Structural highlights
Function[ORC6_YEAST] Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. It has a role in both chromosomal replication and mating type transcriptional silencing. Binds to the ARS consensus sequence (ACS) of origins of replication.[1] [2] [MCM6_YEAST] Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity. Once loaded onto DNA, double hexamers can slide on dsDNA in the absence of ATPase activity. Required for the entry in S phase and for cell division.[3] [4] [ORC3_YEAST] Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. It has a role in both chromosomal replication and mating type transcriptional silencing. Binds to the ARS consensus sequence (ACS) of origins of replication.[5] [MCM2_YEAST] Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity; specifically the MCM2-MCM5 association is proposed to be reversible and to mediate a open ring conformation which may facilitate DNA loading. Once loaded onto DNA, double hexamers can slide on dsDNA in the absence of ATPase activity. Necessary for cell growth.[6] [7] [MCM4_YEAST] Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity. Once loaded onto DNA, double hexamers can slide on dsDNA in the absence of ATPase activity. Required for S phase execution.[8] [9] [ORC2_YEAST] Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. It has a role in both chromosomal replication and mating type transcriptional silencing. Binds to the ARS consensus sequence (ACS) of origins of replication.[10] [MCM7_YEAST] Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity. Once loaded onto DNA, double hexamers can slide on dsDNA in the absence of ATPase activity.[11] [12] [MCM3_YEAST] Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity. Once loaded onto DNA, double hexamers can slide on dsDNA in the absence of ATPase activity. Necessary for cell growth.[13] [14] [ORC1_YEAST] Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. It has a role in both chromosomal replication and mating type transcriptional silencing. Binds to the ARS consensus sequence (ACS) of origins of replication.[15] [ORC4_YEAST] Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. It has a role in both chromosomal replication and mating type transcriptional silencing. Binds to the ARS consensus sequence (ACS) of origins of replication. [MCM5_YEAST] Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity; specifically the MCM2-MCM5 association is proposed to be reversible and to mediate a open ring conformation which may facilitate DNA loading. Once loaded onto DNA, double hexamers can slide on dsDNA in the absence of ATPase activity.[16] [17] [ORC5_YEAST] Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. It has a role in both chromosomal replication and mating type transcriptional silencing. Binds to the ARS consensus sequence (ACS) of origins of replication. This subunit is a candidate for the mediation of ATP-dependent binding of ORC to origins. May also be a substrate targeting component of a cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex RTT101(MMS1-ORC5).[18] Publication Abstract from PubMedIn preparation for bidirectional DNA replication, the origin recognition complex (ORC) loads two hexameric MCM helicases to form a head-to-head double hexamer around DNA(1,2). The mechanism of MCM double-hexamer formation is debated. Single-molecule experiments have suggested a sequential mechanism, in which the ORC-dependent loading of the first hexamer drives the recruitment of the second hexamer(3). By contrast, biochemical data have shown that two rings are loaded independently via the same ORC-mediated mechanism, at two inverted DNA sites(4,5). Here we visualize MCM loading using time-resolved electron microscopy, and identify intermediates in the formation of the double hexamer. We confirm that both hexamers are recruited via the same interaction that occurs between ORC and the C-terminal domains of the MCM helicases. Moreover, we identify the mechanism of coupled MCM loading. The loading of the first MCM hexamer around DNA creates a distinct interaction site, which promotes the engagement of ORC at the N-terminal homodimerization interface of MCM. In this configuration, ORC is poised to direct the recruitment of the second hexamer in an inverted orientation, which is suitable for the formation of the double hexamer. Our results therefore reconcile the two apparently contrasting models derived from single-molecule experiments and biochemical data. Mechanism of head-to-head MCM double-hexamer formation revealed by cryo-EM.,Miller TCR, Locke J, Greiwe JF, Diffley JFX, Costa A Nature. 2019 Nov;575(7784):704-710. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1768-0. Epub 2019 Nov, 20. PMID:31748745[19] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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