Signal transduction

Under development!

• Ligand
• Hormones and their receptors
• Hormone
• Growth factors
• Neurotransmitters
• Receptor
• Chemical communication in arthropods
• Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (Nos1) is functioning in cell signaling and communication - a vital part of the nervous tissue.

Signaling Pathways:

ABA Signaling Pathway

• ABA Signaling Pathway
• PYR/PYL/RCAR family of ABA receptors
• Protein Phosphatase 2C
• ABA-regulated SNRK2 Protein Kinase

Protein Kinases:

• Calcium-dependent protein kinase
• Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
• Eukaryotic Protein Kinase Catalytic Domain

MAPK

• Mitogen-activated protein kinase
• Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
• Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase
• Michael Roberts/BIOL115/ERK2
• p38 MAPK (UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-2)

CAMP-dependent protein kinase

• CAMP-dependent protein kinase
• CAMP Dependent Protein Kinase, Catalytic Subunit
• Protein Kinase A

Chemotaxis:

• Chemotaxis protein, Histidine Kinase (HK) CheA relays signals from the transmembrane chemoreceptors (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins/MCPs) to regulate bacterial chemotaxis.
• Molecular Playground/Cytoplasmic domain of chemoreceptor of Thermotoga maritima
• Molecular Playground/Bacterial Chemotaxis Receptors
• Molecular Playground/cytoplasmic domain of a serine chemotaxis receptor
• Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein

Mechanotransduction:

• Fibronectin, Laminin, and Collagen can bind to receptors (integrins).
• CD44 is a glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions. CD44 is a receptor of hyaluronic acid (HA).
• Mechanosensitive channels are involved in touch, hearing, and in maintaining osmotic balance.

Protein phosphatases:

• Protein Phosphatase 2C
• ABA-regulated Protein Phosphatase 2C

Second messengers

cAMP

• Catabolite gene activator protein

IP3

Paracrine signaling

Sonic Hedgehog

• Sonic Hedgehog
• Protein patched homolog 1 (Ptch1) acts as receptor of Sonic Hedgehog protein (Shh) which is involved in formation of embryonic structures.