3fot

Structural highlights

Function

TRI3_FUSSP 15-O-acetyltransferase; part of the core gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of trichothecenes, a very large family of chemically related bicyclic sesquiterpene compounds acting as mycotoxins, including T2-toxin (PubMed:8593041, PubMed:19319932). The biosynthesis of trichothecenes begins with the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate to trichodiene and is catalyzed by the trichodiene synthase TRI5 (PubMed:3800398). Trichodiene undergoes a series of oxygenations catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI4 (PubMed:7651333). TRI4 controls the addition of four oxygens at C-2, C-3, C-11, and the C-12, C-13-epoxide to form the intermediate isotrichotriol (PubMed:16917519). Isotrichotriol then undergoes a non-enzymatic isomerization and cyclization to form isotrichodermol (PubMed:2317042). During this process, the oxygen at the C-2 position becomes the pyran ring oxygen and the hydroxyl group at C-11 is lost (PubMed:2317042). More complex type A trichothecenes are built by modifying isotrichodermol through a series of paired hydroxylation and acetylation or acylation steps (PubMed:11352533). Isotrichodermol is converted to isotrichodermin by the acetyltransferase TRI101 (PubMed:10583973). TRI101 encodes a C-3 transacetylase that acts as a self-protection or resistance factor during biosynthesis and that the presence of a free C-3 hydroxyl group is a key component of Fusarium trichothecene phytotoxicity (PubMed:10583973). A second hydroxyl group is added to C-15 by the trichothecene C-15 hydroxylase TRI11, producing 15-decalonectrin, which is then acetylated by TRI3, producing calonectrin (PubMed:9435078, PubMed:8593041, PubMed:19319932). A third hydroxyl group is added at C-4 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI13, converting calonectrin to 3,15-diacetoxyspirpenol, which is subsequently acetylated by the acetyltransferase TRI7 (PubMed:12135578, PubMed:11352533). A fourth hydroxyl group is added to C-8 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI1, followed by the addition of an isovaleryl moiety by TRI16 (PubMed:12620849, PubMed:14532047). Finally, the acetyl group is removed from the C-3 position by the trichothecene C-3 esterase TRI8 to produce T-2 toxin (PubMed:12039755).^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]}

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

References

1. ↑ McCormick SP, Alexander NJ, Trapp SE, Hohn TM. Disruption of TRI101, the gene encoding trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase, from Fusarium sporotrichioides. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Dec;65(12):5252-6. PMID:10583973 doi:10.1128/AEM.65.12.5252-5256.1999
2. ↑ Brown DW, McCormick SP, Alexander NJ, Proctor RH, Desjardins AE. A genetic and biochemical approach to study trichothecene diversity in Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol. 2001 Mar;32(2):121-33. PMID:11352533 doi:10.1006/fgbi.2001.1256
3. ↑ McCormick SP, Alexander NJ. Fusarium Tri8 encodes a trichothecene C-3 esterase. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jun;68(6):2959-64. PMID:12039755 doi:10.1128/AEM.68.6.2959-2964.2002
4. ↑ Brown DW, McCormick SP, Alexander NJ, Proctor RH, Desjardins AE. Inactivation of a cytochrome P-450 is a determinant of trichothecene diversity in Fusarium species. Fungal Genet Biol. 2002 Aug;36(3):224-33. PMID:12135578 doi:10.1016/s1087-1845(02)00021-x
5. ↑ Meek IB, Peplow AW, Ake C Jr, Phillips TD, Beremand MN. Tri1 encodes the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase for C-8 hydroxylation during trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium sporotrichioides and resides upstream of another new Tri gene. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Mar;69(3):1607-13. PMID:12620849 doi:10.1128/AEM.69.3.1607-1613.2003
6. ↑ Peplow AW, Meek IB, Wiles MC, Phillips TD, Beremand MN. Tri16 is required for esterification of position C-8 during trichothecene mycotoxin production by Fusarium sporotrichioides. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Oct;69(10):5935-40. PMID:14532047 doi:10.1128/AEM.69.10.5935-5940.2003
7. ↑ McCormick SP, Alexander NJ, Proctor RH. Fusarium Tri4 encodes a multifunctional oxygenase required for trichothecene biosynthesis. Can J Microbiol. 2006 Jul;52(7):636-42. PMID:16917519 doi:10.1139/w06-011
8. ↑ Garvey GS, McCormick SP, Alexander NJ, Rayment I. Structural and functional characterization of TRI3 trichothecene 15-O-acetyltransferase from Fusarium sporotrichioides. Protein Sci. 2009 Apr;18(4):747-61. PMID:19319932 doi:10.1002/pro.80
9. ↑ McCormick SP, Taylor SL, Plattner RD, Beremand MN. Bioconversion of possible T-2 toxin precursors by a mutant strain of Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Mar;56(3):702-6. PMID:2317042 doi:10.1128/aem.56.3.702-706.1990
10. ↑ Hohn TM, Vanmiddlesworth F. Purification and characterization of the sesquiterpene cyclase trichodiene synthetase from Fusarium sporotrichioides. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1986 Dec;251(2):756-61. PMID:3800398 doi:10.1016/0003-9861(86)90386-3
11. ↑ Hohn TM, Desjardins AE, McCormick SP. The Tri4 gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in trichothecene biosynthesis. Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Jul 22;248(1):95-102. PMID:7651333 doi:10.1007/BF02456618
12. ↑ McCormick SP, Hohn TM, Desjardins AE. Isolation and characterization of Tri3, a gene encoding 15-O-acetyltransferase from Fusarium sporotrichioides. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):353-9. PMID:8593041 doi:10.1128/aem.62.2.353-359.1996
13. ↑ Alexander NJ, Hohn TM, McCormick SP. The TRI11 gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides encodes a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase required for C-15 hydroxylation in trichothecene biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jan;64(1):221-5. PMID:9435078 doi:10.1128/AEM.64.1.221-225.1998