| Structural highlights
Function
RAD53_YEAST Controls S-phase checkpoint as well as G1 and G2 DNA damage checkpoints. Phosphorylates proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine. Prevents entry into anaphase and mitotic exit after DNA damage via regulation of the Polo kinase CDC5. Seems to be involved in the phosphorylation of RPH1.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Forkhead-associated (FHA) domains recognize phosphothreonines, and SQ/TQ cluster domains (SCDs) contain concentrated phosphorylation sites for ATM/ATR-like DNA-damage-response kinases. The Rad53-SCD1 has dual functions in regulating the activation of the Rad53-Dun1 checkpoint kinase cascade but with unknown molecular mechanisms. Here we present structural, biochemical, and genetic evidence that Dun1-FHA possesses an unprecedented diphosphothreonine-binding specificity. The Dun1-FHA has >100-fold increased affinity for diphosphorylated relative to monophosphorylated Rad53-SCD1 due to the presence of two separate phosphothreonine-binding pockets. In vivo, any single threonine of Rad53-SCD1 is sufficient for Rad53 activation and RAD53-dependent survival of DNA damage, but two adjacent phosphothreonines in the Rad53-SCD1 and two phosphothreonine-binding sites in the Dun1-FHA are necessary for Dun1 activation and DUN1-dependent transcriptional responses to DNA damage. The results uncover a phospho-counting mechanism that regulates the specificity of SCD, and provide mechanistic insight into a role of multisite phosphorylation in DNA-damage signaling.
Diphosphothreonine-specific interaction between an SQ/TQ cluster and an FHA domain in the Rad53-Dun1 kinase cascade.,Lee H, Yuan C, Hammet A, Mahajan A, Chen ES, Wu MR, Su MI, Heierhorst J, Tsai MD Mol Cell. 2008 Jun 20;30(6):767-78. PMID:18570878[6]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Zheng P, Fay DS, Burton J, Xiao H, Pinkham JL, Stern DF. SPK1 is an essential S-phase-specific gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes a nuclear serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Sep;13(9):5829-42. PMID:8355715
- ↑ Allen JB, Zhou Z, Siede W, Friedberg EC, Elledge SJ. The SAD1/RAD53 protein kinase controls multiple checkpoints and DNA damage-induced transcription in yeast. Genes Dev. 1994 Oct 15;8(20):2401-15. PMID:7958905
- ↑ Sanchez Y, Bachant J, Wang H, Hu F, Liu D, Tetzlaff M, Elledge SJ. Control of the DNA damage checkpoint by chk1 and rad53 protein kinases through distinct mechanisms. Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1166-71. PMID:10550056
- ↑ Kim EM, Jang YK, Park SD. Phosphorylation of Rph1, a damage-responsive repressor of PHR1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is dependent upon Rad53 kinase. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Feb 1;30(3):643-8. PMID:11809875
- ↑ Pike BL, Yongkiettrakul S, Tsai MD, Heierhorst J. Mdt1, a novel Rad53 FHA1 domain-interacting protein, modulates DNA damage tolerance and G(2)/M cell cycle progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Apr;24(7):2779-88. PMID:15024067
- ↑ Lee H, Yuan C, Hammet A, Mahajan A, Chen ES, Wu MR, Su MI, Heierhorst J, Tsai MD. Diphosphothreonine-specific interaction between an SQ/TQ cluster and an FHA domain in the Rad53-Dun1 kinase cascade. Mol Cell. 2008 Jun 20;30(6):767-78. PMID:18570878 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.05.013
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