User:Amy Kerzmann/Sandbox 4
From Proteopedia
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels
|
Voltage-gated calcium channels play crucial roles in many bodily functions including: cardiac action potentials, neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction. During neurological functions, these calcium channels create action potentials. At resting state,voltage-gated calcium channels are in a closed conformation. When the membrane is depolarized, they are open. The pore-forming α1-subunit of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cav)2 is composed of four homologous domains (I-IV), each of which has six transmembrane segments (S1–S6). These channels initiate the release of neurotransmitters at synapses, and have a powerful influence on synaptic strength. The nervous system requires different levels of calcium concentration, so when transmitter release occurs, high levels of calcium are needed. During short-term facilitation, slow steady streams of calcium build up. Failure of these calcium channels can result in migranes, ataxia, and also other neurological diseases. Calmodulin is a specific calcium channel sensor, and regulates the functions of the channel. Calcium binding to calmodulin regulates the facilitation of Ca2+ through the coltage-gated channels.
Structure
This specific protein is a two chain structure and was first found in Rattus norvegicus.
The beta-interaction domain (BID), formed the AID-binding site; however, this region is buried in the Ca(V)beta core and is unavailable for protein-protein interactions.
[1] [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18817729?ordinalpos=1=EntrezSyste <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18817729?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSyste> m2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_Title Search&linkpos=1&log$=pmtitlesearch4]] [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18817727?ordinalpos=1=EntrezSyste <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18817727?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSyste> m2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_Discovery _RA&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed]] [[2]] [[Catterall, W. A., Perez-Reyes, E., Snutch, T. P., and Striessnig, J. (2005) Pharmacol. Rev. 57, 411-425Abstract/FREE Full Text]] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16369047?ordinalpos=1=EntrezSystem <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16369047?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem> 2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_Discovery_ RA&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed]
