Post-translational modification

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Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to chemical modification of amino acids after they have been incorporated into protein chains in sequences specified by the genome. PTM affect the functions of proteins. More than 200 kinds of PTM are known, affecting 15 of the 20 standard amino acids[1][2].

Chemical Nature

PTM include[1]

  • phosphorylation, notably of tyrosine, serine, or threonine
  • glycosylation, notably of asparagine
  • acylation
  • alkylation
  • oxidation

Consequences for Proteome

About 5% of the genome of eukaryotes is devoted to enzymes that carry out PTM[1]. PTM may increase the number of unique proteins in an organism by more than an order of magnitude.

LIterature Cited

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kessel, Amit, and Ben-Tal, Nir. Introduction to proteins: structure, function, and motion. CRC Press, 2011.
  2. ↑ Walsh CT, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Gatto GJ Jr. Protein posttranslational modifications: the chemistry of proteome diversifications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2005 Dec 1;44(45):7342-72. PMID:16267872 doi:10.1002/anie.200501023

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Eric Martz

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