8paz
From Proteopedia
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OXIDIZED NATIVE PSEUDOAZURIN FROM A. FAECALIS
Overview
In order to understand the origins of differences in redox potentials, among cupredoxins (small blue type I copper-containing proteins that, reversibly change oxidation state and interact with redox partners), we, have determined the structures of the native and two mutants (P80A and, P80I) of pseudoazurin from Alcaligenes faecalis S-6 in oxidized and, reduced forms at resolutions of 2.2 A in the worst case and 1.6 A in the, best case. The P80A mutation creates a surface pocket filled by a new, water molecule, whereas the P80I mutant excludes this water. Distinct, patterns of change occur in response to reduction for all three molecules:, the copper position shifts, Met 7 and Pro 35 move, and the relative, orientations of residues 81 to 16, 18 to the amide planes of 77 and 86, all change. Systematic changes in the weak electrostatic interactions seen, in the structures of different oxidation states can explain the Met 7/Pro, 35 structural differences as well as some fluctuating solvent positions., Overall displacement parameters increase reversibly upon reduction. The, reduced forms are slightly expanded over the oxidized forms. The, geometries of the mutants become more trigonal in their reduced forms, consistent with higher redox potentials (+409 mV for P80A and +450 mV for, P80I). Calculations of the differences in redox potentials, using POLARIS, reveal that a water unique to the P80A mutant is required (with correctly, oriented hydrogens) to approximate the observed difference in redox, potential. The POLARIS calculations suggest that the reduced forms are, additionally stabilized through changes in the solvation of the copper, center, specifically via the amides of residues 16, 39, 41, 79, and 80, which interact with either Phe 18, Met 86, or Cys 78. The redox potential, of P80A is increased largely due to solvation effects, whereas the redox, potential of P80I is increased largely due to geometrical effects.
About this Structure
8PAZ is a Single protein structure of sequence from Alcaligenes faecalis with CU as ligand. This structure superseeds the now removed PDB entry 2PAZ. Known structural/functional Site: . Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.
Reference
Site-directed mutants of pseudoazurin: explanation of increased redox potentials from X-ray structures and from calculation of redox potential differences., Libeu CA, Kukimoto M, Nishiyama M, Horinouchi S, Adman ET, Biochemistry. 1997 Oct 28;36(43):13160-79. PMID:9341204
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