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Mechanism
The third step of the urea cycle is catalyzed by argininosuccinate lyase. The products of this reaction are arginine and fumarate. The fumarate product is an important link between the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle.
The base initiates the reaction by deprotonating the carbon adjacent to the arginine, or leaving group. The process occurs by an E1cB mechanism with loss of the pro-R hydrogen (the hydrogen that will geive the R configuration of a molecule after it is abstracted) and with anti-stereochemistry. The E1cB elimination reaction is a special type of elimination reaction in organic chemistry. This reaction mechanism explains the formation of alkenes from mostly alky halides through a carbanion intermediate given specified reaction condition and specified substrates. There are some evidences have shown that Histidine 162 or Threonine 161 of ASL is responsible for the proton abstraction of the carbon, either directly or indirectly.
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