1zmd

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spinqualitylabelsall models 1zmd, resolution 2.08Å Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image

Crystal Structure of Human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase complexed to NADH

Contents 1 Overview 2 Disease 3 About this Structure 4 Reference

Overview

Human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (hE3) is an enzymatic component, common to the mitochondrial alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase and glycine, decarboxylase complexes. Mutations to this homodimeric flavoprotein cause, the often-fatal human disease known as E3 deficiency. To catalyze the, oxidation of dihydrolipoamide, hE3 uses two molecules: non-covalently, bound FAD and a transiently bound substrate, NAD+. To address the, catalytic mechanism of hE3 and the structural basis for E3 deficiency, the, crystal structures of hE3 in the presence of NAD+ or NADH have been, determined at resolutions of 2.5A and 2.1A, respectively. Although the, overall fold of the enzyme is similar to that of yeast E3, these two, structures differ at two loops that protrude from the proteins and at, their FAD-binding sites. The structure of oxidized hE3 with NAD+ bound, demonstrates that the nicotinamide moiety is not proximal to the FAD. When, NADH is present, however, the nicotinamide base stacks directly on the, isoalloxazine ring system of the FAD. This is the first time that this, mechanistically requisite conformation of NAD+ or NADH has been observed, in E3 from any species. Because E3 structures were previously available, only from unicellular organisms, speculations regarding the molecular, mechanisms of E3 deficiency were based on homology models. The current hE3, structures show directly that the disease-causing mutations occur at three, locations in the human enzyme: the dimer interface, the active site, and, the FAD and NAD(+)-binding sites. The mechanisms by which these mutations, impede the function of hE3 are discussed.

Disease

Known diseases associated with this structure: Leigh syndrome OMIM:[238331], Leukocyte adhesion deficiency OMIM:[600065], Maple syrup urine disease, type III OMIM:[238331]

About this Structure

1ZMD is a Single protein structure of sequence from Homo sapiens with SO4, FAD and NAI as ligands. Active as Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, with EC number 1.8.1.4 Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.

Reference

Crystal structure of human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase: NAD+/NADH binding and the structural basis of disease-causing mutations., Brautigam CA, Chuang JL, Tomchick DR, Machius M, Chuang DT, J Mol Biol. 2005 Jul 15;350(3):543-52. PMID:15946682

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