2i42
From Proteopedia
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Crystal structure of Yersinia protein tyrosine phosphatase complexed with vanadate, a transition state analogue
Overview
Engineering site-specific amino acid substitutions into the, protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) PTP1 and the dual-specific vaccinia, H1-related phosphatase (VHR), has kinetically isolated the two chemical, steps of the reaction and provided a rare opportunity for examining, transition states and directly observing the phosphoenzyme intermediate., Changing serine to alanine in the active-site sequence motif HCXXGXXRS, shifted the rate-limiting step from intermediate formation to intermediate, hydrolysis. Using phosphorus 31P NMR, the covalent thiol-phosphate, intermediate was directly observed during catalytic turnover. The, importance of the conserved aspartic acid (D92 in VHR and D181 in PTP1) in, both chemical steps was established. Kinetic analysis of D92N and D181N, mutants indicated that aspartic acid acts as a general acid by protonating, the leaving-group phenolic oxygen. Structure-reactivity experiments with, native and aspartate mutant enzymes established that proton transfer is, concomitant with P-O cleavage, such that no charge develops on the, phenolic oxygen. Steady- and presteady-state kinetics, as well as NMR, analysis of the double mutant D92N/S131A (VHR), suggested that the, conserved aspartic acid functions as a general base during intermediate, hydrolysis. As a general base, aspartate would activate a water molecule, to facilitate nucleophilic attack. The amino acids involved in, transition-state stabilization for cysteinylphosphate hydrolysis were, confirmed by the x-ray structure of the Yersinia PTPase complexed with, vanadate, a transition-state mimic that binds covalently to the, active-site cysteine. Consistent with the NMR, x-ray, biochemical, and, kinetic data, a unifying mechanism for catalysis is proposed.
About this Structure
2I42 is a Single protein structure of sequence from Yersinia enterocolitica with as ligand. Active as Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase, with EC number 3.1.3.48 Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.
Reference
Visualization of intermediate and transition-state structures in protein-tyrosine phosphatase catalysis., Denu JM, Lohse DL, Vijayalakshmi J, Saper MA, Dixon JE, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Mar 19;93(6):2493-8. PMID:8637902
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