This old version of Proteopedia is provided for student assignments while the new version is undergoing repairs. Content and edits done in this old version of Proteopedia after March 1, 2026 will eventually be lost when it is retired in about June of 2026.
Apply for new accounts at the new Proteopedia. Your logins will work in both the old and new versions.
Elongation factor
From Proteopedia
Elongation factors (EF) facilitate translational elongation during the formation of peptide bonds in the ribosome. EF-selB is selenocysteine-specific EF. EF-Tu or EF 1-α (elongation factor thermo unstable) is a prokaryotic EF. EF-Tu contributes to translational accuracy. It catalyzes the addition of aminoacyl tRNA.
EF-Ts or EF 1-β (elongation factor thermo stable) catalyzes the release of GDP from EF-Tu. EF-G translocates the peptidyl tRNA from the A site to the P site while moving the mRNA through the ribosome. EF-SII helps RNA polymerase II to bypass blocks to elongation. EF-ELL2 enhances polyadenylation and exon skipping with the gene encoding the immunoglobulin heavy-chain complex. EF-GreA or GreB are cleavage factors allowing the resumption of elongation. EF-NusA recruits translesion DNA polymerases to gaps encountered during translation. EF-P alters the ribosome affinity to aminoacyl-tRNA. EF-1 gamma acts during the delivery of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosome. EF-2 promotes the translocation of the nascent protein chain from the A site to the P site on the ribosome. EF-3 is unique EF in fungi hence it provides an anti-fungal drug target. EF Spt4, Spt5, Spt6 are conserved among eukaryotes. They modulate the chromatin structure. EF-CA150 is believed to play a role in coupling transcription and splicing. The elongin B and C complex is involved in the proteasomal degredation of target proteins.
3D structures of elongation factorUpdated on 17-July-2013 EF-Tu1efm, 1efc, 1dg1, 2fx3 – EcEF – Escherichia coli EF-Tu complex with antibiotics 1ob2 - yEF + Phe-tRNA + antibiotic 4abr - TtEF + antibiotic in 30S ribosome EF-Tu complex with nucleotide 1efu – EcEF + GDP 1exm – TtEF + GTP analog EF-Tu with EF-Ts 1efu – EcEF + EcEF-Ts 1aip - TtEF + TtEF-Ts - Thermus thermophilus EF-Tu in the ribosome 3eq3, 3eq4 – EcEF in 80S ribosome – Cryo EM 3izv, 3izw - EcEF in 30S ribosome – Cryo EM EF-SII1tfi – hEF – human – NMR EF-ELL22e5n – hEF N2 domain - NMR EF-G1efg, 1elo, 1ktv, 1wdt, 2dy1 – TtEF EF-GreA/GreB2pn0 – EF – Nitrosomonas europaea EF-NusA1wcl, 1wcn – EcEF C terminal – NMR EF-P1ueb – TtEF EF-Ts1tfe – TtEF EF-1G1nhy – yEF N terminal
1pbu – hEF C terminal (mutant) - NMR EF-21n0v – yEF EF-32ix3 – yEF EF-SelB1lva – MtEF C terminal – Moorella thermoacetica EF-Spt52do3, 2e6z, 2e70 – hEF KOW motif – NMR EF-Spt63gxw, 3gxx, 3pjp – EF SH2 domain – Candida glabrata EF-CA1502dod, 2doe, 2dof, 2e71, 2kiq, 2kis – hEF FF domain – NMR Elongin BC complex1lqb – hEloBC + von-Hippel Lindau disease tumor suppressor + hypoxia inducible factor 1 α
| ||||||||||||
