| Structural highlights
3b7b is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: |
| | Gene: | EHMT1, EUHMTASE1, KIAA1876 (Homo sapiens) |
| Activity: | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, with EC number 2.1.1.43 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, RCSB, PDBsum |
Disease
[EHMT1_HUMAN] Defects in EHMT1 are the cause of chromosome 9q subtelomeric deletion syndrome (9q- syndrome) [MIM:610253]. Common features seen in these patients are severe mental retardation, hypotonia, brachy(micro)cephaly, epileptic seizures, flat face with hypertelorism, synophrys, anteverted nares, cupid bow or tented upper lip, everted lower lip, prognathism, macroglossia, conotruncal heart defects, and behavioral problems.
Function
[EHMT1_HUMAN] Histone methyltransferase that specifically mono- and dimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1 and H3K9me2, respectively) in euchromatin. H3K9me represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting HP1 proteins to methylated histones. Also weakly methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me). Also required for DNA methylation, the histone methyltransferase activity is not required for DNA methylation, suggesting that these 2 activities function independently. Probably targeted to histone H3 by different DNA-binding proteins like E2F6, MGA, MAX and/or DP1. During G0 phase, it probably contributes to silencing of MYC- and E2F-responsive genes, suggesting a role in G0/G1 transition in cell cycle. In addition to the histone methyltransferase activity, also methylates non-histone proteins: mediates dimethylation of 'Lys-373' of p53/TP53.[1] [2]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Histone modifications have important roles in transcriptional control, mitosis and heterochromatin formation. G9a and G9a-like protein (GLP) are euchromatin-associated methyltransferases that repress transcription by mono- and dimethylating histone H3 at Lys9 (H3K9). Here we demonstrate that the ankyrin repeat domains of G9a and GLP bind with strong preference to N-terminal H3 peptides containing mono- or dimethyl K9. X-ray crystallography revealed the basis for recognition of the methylated lysine by a partial hydrophobic cage with three tryptophans and one acidic residue. Substitution of key residues in the cage eliminated the H3 tail interaction. Hence, G9a and GLP contain a new type of methyllysine binding module (the ankyrin repeat domains) and are the first examples of protein (histone) methyltransferases harboring in a single polypeptide the activities that generate and read the same epigenetic mark.
The ankyrin repeats of G9a and GLP histone methyltransferases are mono- and dimethyllysine binding modules.,Collins RE, Northrop JP, Horton JR, Lee DY, Zhang X, Stallcup MR, Cheng X Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2008 Mar;15(3):245-50. Epub 2008 Feb 10. PMID:18264113[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Ogawa H, Ishiguro K, Gaubatz S, Livingston DM, Nakatani Y. A complex with chromatin modifiers that occupies E2F- and Myc-responsive genes in G0 cells. Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1132-6. PMID:12004135 doi:10.1126/science.1069861
- ↑ Huang J, Dorsey J, Chuikov S, Zhang X, Jenuwein T, Reinberg D, Berger SL. G9A and GLP methylate lysine 373 in the tumor suppressor p53. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jan 29. PMID:20118233 doi:M109.062588
- ↑ Collins RE, Northrop JP, Horton JR, Lee DY, Zhang X, Stallcup MR, Cheng X. The ankyrin repeats of G9a and GLP histone methyltransferases are mono- and dimethyllysine binding modules. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2008 Mar;15(3):245-50. Epub 2008 Feb 10. PMID:18264113 doi:10.1038/nsmb.1384
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