Introduction
Estrogen receptors are proteins found on and inside of the cell. When activated by estrogen these receptors are important in sexual maturation and gestation. There are two types of estrogen receptors that exist which include nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), which are included in the nuclear receptor family of intracellular receptors, and membrane estrogen receptors.
A series of p-hydroxybenzenesulphonamides ERβ receptor agonists discovered along with various compounds listed showed selectivity over the ERα receptor. Overall, they found that compound 11 showed better binding conformation determined by X-ray, and presents a better starting point for the journey to find a more selective ERβ agonist.
Looking at the gonadal steroid hormone estradiol,1, action is performed through estrogen subtypes, ERα and ERβ. The detrimental effects of ERβ in comparison to the proliferative effects ERα are found to inhibit breast and endometrial tissue compared to ERα and could potentially be responsible for the immunomodulatory and neuropharmacalogical behavior of estradiol 1,2. The interest in the therapeutic benefits of selective ERβ agonists to combatant various conditions including endometriosis and inflammatory bowel disease.
This is an overall scene with the beta sheets in purple and the alpha helices in ball and stick figures
Here is another scene with a rainbow diagram description of the whole molecule
Overall Structure
- Secondary Structure
- Mostly alpha helices with only two beta strands on the outside of the receptor shown below with the apla helices showing pollar and non-polar parts of the chain. The beta sheets are shown in yellow in the second green scene
- , and
- Tertiary Structure
- Polar- Pink, Hydrophobic- Grey
- Surface groups (orange) vs. Buried groups (blue)
Binding Interactions
- Complexes were originally designed to form an interaction with the His475 through the tertiary hydroxyl group
- Instead, the hydroxyl group acts as a conformational lock which forms an internal hydrogen bond with the sulphonamide oxygen about 2.3 A apart.
- The sulphonamide oxygens pack against Met336 and the benzyl group at top of the pocket comes near His475 but does not form any coulombic interactions but Van der Waals interactions exist near the pocket.
- Complexes make H-bonding interactions not only with Arg346 (yellow) and Glu305 (blue) but also His475 (green). Binding sites are shown
See Also
Credits
Introduction - Benjamin Homyak
Overall Structure - Marissa Burgess
Drug Binding Site - Soo Lim Park
References
- ↑ Roberts LR, Armor D, Barker C, Bent A, Bess K, Brown A, Favor DA, Ellis D, Irving SL, MacKenny M, Phillips C, Pullen N, Stennett A, Strand L, Styles M. Sulfonamides as selective oestrogen receptor beta agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Oct 1;21(19):5680-3. Epub 2011 Aug 16. PMID:21885279 doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.041
