RNA polymerase

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RNA polymerase (RNAP, DNA primase, dnaG) catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to RNA during transcription.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of RNA from a DNA template. The DNA-dependent eukaryote RNAP^[1] are divided to
RNAP I (or Pol I) which transcribes ribosomal RNA^[2];
RNAP II (or Pol II) transcribes DNA and most snRNA and microRNA^[3];
RNAP III (or Pol III) transcribes tRNA and 5S ribosomal RNA.
DNA primase (DNAP) is RNAP which catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA primer which complements an ssDNA template and initiates DNA synthesis.
dnaG is a bacterial primase.
For DNA-dependent RNA polymerase see

• Molecular Playground/T7 RNAP Conformations
  
• User:Luis E Ramirez-Tapia/T7 RNA polymerase
  
• Molecular Playground/T7 RNA Polymerase (7 mer int).
  
• Molecular Playground/Human mtRNA pol.
  
• Beta-Prime Subunit of Bacterial RNA Polymerase
  
• Transcription and RNA Processing.
  

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the replication of RNA from a RNA template. An example is the Influenza virus RNA polymerase which is composed of 3 subunits. Subunit PA is involved in cap-snatching. Subunit PB1 is involved in RNA synthesis. Subunit PB2 is involved in RNA replication and transcription. It is implicated in endonuclease cleavage of RNA primers. (1qln; blue: nontemplate strand; cyan: template strand; red:RNA).
See also RNA-directed RNA polymerase.
For RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Hepatitis C virus - NS5B - see

• NS5B.
  
• User:Michael Strong/H1N1/PB2
  
• User:Michael Strong/H1N1/PB2/MSA
  
• User:Michael Strong/H1N1/PA
  
• User:Michael Strong/H1N1/PA/MSA

Poly(A) RNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of long poly(A) tails to mRNA without a template.

3D Structures of RNA polymerase

Updated on 18-August-2016

References

1. ↑ Cramer P, Armache KJ, Baumli S, Benkert S, Brueckner F, Buchen C, Damsma GE, Dengl S, Geiger SR, Jasiak AJ, Jawhari A, Jennebach S, Kamenski T, Kettenberger H, Kuhn CD, Lehmann E, Leike K, Sydow JF, Vannini A. Structure of eukaryotic RNA polymerases. Annu Rev Biophys. 2008;37:337-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.37.032807.130008. PMID:18573085 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biophys.37.032807.130008
2. ↑ Comai L. Mechanism of RNA polymerase I transcription. Adv Protein Chem. 2004;67:123-55. PMID:14969726 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3233(04)67005-7
3. ↑ Hahn S. Structure and mechanism of the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2004 May;11(5):394-403. PMID:15114340 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb763

• Created with the participation of Craig T Martin.