1gcn

Structural highlights

Function

[GLUC_PIG] Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (By similarity). GLP-1 is a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Play important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Have growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin (By similarity). GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability (By similarity). Oxyntomodulin significantly reduces food intake (By similarity). Glicentin may modulate gastric acid secretion and gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity.

See Also

• Glucagon

References

1. ↑ Sasaki K, Dockerill S, Adamiak DA, Tickle IJ, Blundell T. X-ray analysis of glucagon and its relationship to receptor binding. Nature. 1975 Oct 30;257(5529):751-7. PMID:171582