5if1
From Proteopedia
Crystal structure apo CDK2/cyclin A
Structural highlights
Function[CDK2_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Interacts with cyclins A, B1, B3, D, or E. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity). Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1. NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication. Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated. Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner. USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition. CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [CCNA2_HUMAN] Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) and the G2/M (mitosis) transitions. Publication Abstract from PubMedRoniciclib (BAY 1000394) is a type I pan-CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor which has revealed potent efficacy in xenograft cancer models. Here, we show that roniciclib displays prolonged residence times on CDK2 and CDK9, whereas residence times on other CDKs are transient, thus giving rise to a kinetic selectivity of roniciclib. Surprisingly, variation of the substituent at the 5-position of the pyrimidine scaffold results in changes of up to 3 orders of magnitude of the drug-target residence time. CDK2 X-ray cocrystal structures have revealed a DFG-loop adaption for the 5-(trifluoromethyl) substituent, while for hydrogen and bromo substituents the DFG loop remains in its characteristic type I inhibitor position. In tumor cells, the prolonged residence times of roniciclib on CDK2 and CDK9 are reflected in a sustained inhibitory effect on retinoblastoma protein (RB) phosphorylation, indicating that the target residence time on CDK2 may contribute to sustained target engagement and antitumor efficacy. Conformational Adaption May Explain the Slow Dissociation Kinetics of Roniciclib (BAY 1000394), a Type I CDK Inhibitor with Kinetic Selectivity for CDK2 and CDK9.,Ayaz P, Andres D, Kwiatkowski DA, Kolbe CC, Lienau P, Siemeister G, Lucking U, Stegmann CM ACS Chem Biol. 2016 Apr 19. PMID:27090615[18] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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Categories: Cyclin-dependent kinase | Andres, D | Ayaz, P | Kolbe, C | Kwiatkowski, D A | Lienau, P | Luecking, U | Siemeister, G | Stegmann, C M | Antineoplastic agent | Biophysical assay | Dose-response relationship | Drug | Drug discovery | Hela cell | Human | Molecular structure | Neoplasm | Protein kinase inhibitor | Pyrimidine | Structure-activity relationship | Structure-kinetics relationship | Sulfoxide | Transferase | Tumor
