| Structural highlights
Function
[PKNB_MYCTU] Key component of a signal transduction pathway that regulates cell growth and cell division via phosphorylation of target proteins such as GarA, GlmU, PapA5, PbpA, FhaB (Rv0019c), FhaA (Rv0020c), MviN, PstP, EmbR, Rv1422, Rv1747 and RseA. Shows a strong preference for Thr versus Ser as the phosphoacceptor.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Monitoring the environment with serine/threonine protein kinases is critical for growth and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a devastating human pathogen. Protein Kinase B (PknB) is a trans-membrane serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as an essential regulator of mycobacterial growth and division. The PknB extracellular domain (ECD) consists of four repeats homologous to penicillin-binding protein and serine/threonine kinase associated (PASTA) domains, and binds fragments of peptidoglycan. These properties suggest that PknB activity is modulated by ECD binding to peptidoglycan substructures, however the molecular mechanisms underpinning PknB regulation remain unclear. In this study, we report structural and genetic characterization of the PknB ECD. We determined the crystal structures of overlapping ECD fragments at near atomic resolution, built a model of the full ECD, and discovered a region on the C-terminal PASTA domain that has the properties of a ligand-binding site. Hydrophobic interaction between this surface and a bound molecule of citrate was observed in a crystal structure. Our genetic analyses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed that nonfunctional alleles were produced either by deletion of any of single PASTA domain or by mutation of individual conserved residues lining the putative ligand-binding surface of the C-terminal PASTA repeat. These results define two distinct structural features necessary for PknB signal transduction, a fully extended ECD and a conserved, membrane-distal putative ligand-binding site.
Structural and genetic analyses of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Kinase B sensor domain identify a potential ligand binding site.,Prigozhin DM, Papavinasasundaram KG, Baer CE, Murphy KC, Moskaleva A, Chen TY, Alber T, Sassetti CM J Biol Chem. 2016 Sep 6. pii: jbc.M116.731760. PMID:27601474[12]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Kang CM, Abbott DW, Park ST, Dascher CC, Cantley LC, Husson RN. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine/threonine kinases PknA and PknB: substrate identification and regulation of cell shape. Genes Dev. 2005 Jul 15;19(14):1692-704. Epub 2005 Jun 28. PMID:15985609 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1311105
- ↑ Villarino A, Duran R, Wehenkel A, Fernandez P, England P, Brodin P, Cole ST, Zimny-Arndt U, Jungblut PR, Cervenansky C, Alzari PM. Proteomic identification of M. tuberculosis protein kinase substrates: PknB recruits GarA, a FHA domain-containing protein, through activation loop-mediated interactions. J Mol Biol. 2005 Jul 29;350(5):953-63. PMID:15978616 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2005.05.049
- ↑ Grundner C, Gay LM, Alber T. Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine/threonine kinases PknB, PknD, PknE, and PknF phosphorylate multiple FHA domains. Protein Sci. 2005 Jul;14(7):1918-21. PMID:15987910 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1110/ps.051413405
- ↑ Sharma K, Gupta M, Krupa A, Srinivasan N, Singh Y. EmbR, a regulatory protein with ATPase activity, is a substrate of multiple serine/threonine kinases and phosphatase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEBS J. 2006 Jun;273(12):2711-21. PMID:16817899 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05289.x
- ↑ Fernandez P, Saint-Joanis B, Barilone N, Jackson M, Gicquel B, Cole ST, Alzari PM. The Ser/Thr protein kinase PknB is essential for sustaining mycobacterial growth. J Bacteriol. 2006 Nov;188(22):7778-84. Epub 2006 Sep 15. PMID:16980473 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.00963-06
- ↑ Dasgupta A, Datta P, Kundu M, Basu J. The serine/threonine kinase PknB of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphorylates PBPA, a penicillin-binding protein required for cell division. Microbiology. 2006 Feb;152(Pt 2):493-504. PMID:16436437 doi:http://dx.doi.org/152/2/493
- ↑ Gupta M, Sajid A, Arora G, Tandon V, Singh Y. Forkhead-associated domain-containing protein Rv0019c and polyketide-associated protein PapA5, from substrates of serine/threonine protein kinase PknB to interacting proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 11;284(50):34723-34. Epub 2009 Oct 13. PMID:19826007 doi:http://dx.doi.org/M109.058834
- ↑ Parikh A, Verma SK, Khan S, Prakash B, Nandicoori VK. PknB-mediated phosphorylation of a novel substrate, N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, modulates its acetyltransferase activity. J Mol Biol. 2009 Feb 20;386(2):451-64. Epub 2008 Dec 24. PMID:19121323 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.12.031
- ↑ Barik S, Sureka K, Mukherjee P, Basu J, Kundu M. RseA, the SigE specific anti-sigma factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is inactivated by phosphorylation-dependent ClpC1P2 proteolysis. Mol Microbiol. 2010 Feb;75(3):592-606. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.07008.x., Epub 2009 Dec 16. PMID:20025669 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.07008.x
- ↑ Sajid A, Arora G, Gupta M, Upadhyay S, Nandicoori VK, Singh Y. Phosphorylation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ser/Thr phosphatase by PknA and PknB. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 9;6(3):e17871. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017871. PMID:21423706 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017871
- ↑ Gee CL, Papavinasasundaram KG, Blair SR, Baer CE, Falick AM, King DS, Griffin JE, Venghatakrishnan H, Zukauskas A, Wei JR, Dhiman RK, Crick DC, Rubin EJ, Sassetti CM, Alber T. A phosphorylated pseudokinase complex controls cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. Sci Signal. 2012 Jan 24;5(208):ra7. PMID:22275220 doi:10.1126/scisignal.2002525
- ↑ Prigozhin DM, Papavinasasundaram KG, Baer CE, Murphy KC, Moskaleva A, Chen TY, Alber T, Sassetti CM. Structural and genetic analyses of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Kinase B sensor domain identify a potential ligand binding site. J Biol Chem. 2016 Sep 6. pii: jbc.M116.731760. PMID:27601474 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M116.731760
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