5t4d
From Proteopedia
Cryo-EM structure of Polycystic Kidney Disease protein 2 (PKD2), residues 198-703
Structural highlights
Disease[PKD2_HUMAN] Defects in PKD2 are the cause of polycystic kidney disease 2 (PKD2) [MIM:613095]. PKD2 is a disorder characterized by progressive formation and enlargement of cysts in both kidneys, typically leading to end-stage renal disease in adult life. Cysts also occurs in the liver and other organs. It represents approximately 15% of the cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. PKD2 is clinically milder than PKD1 but it has a deleterious impact on overall life expectancy.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Function[PKD2_HUMAN] Involved in fluid-flow mechanosensation by the primary cilium in renal epithelium (By similarity). PKD1 and PKD2 may function through a common signaling pathway that is necessary for normal tubulogenesis (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of cilium length, together with PKD1 (By similarity). The dynamic control of cilium length is essential in the regulation of mechanotransductive signaling. The cilium length response creates a negative feedback loop whereby fluid shear-mediated deflection of the primary cilium, which decreases intracellular cAMP, leads to cilium shortening and thus decreases flow-induced signaling (By similarity). Functions as a calcium permeable cation channel. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe Polycystic Kidney Disease 2 (Pkd2) gene is mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common human monogenic disorders. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of PKD2 in lipid bilayers at 3.0 A resolution, which establishes PKD2 as a homotetrameric ion channel and provides insight into potential mechanisms for its activation. The PKD2 voltage-sensor domain retains two of four gating charges commonly found in those of voltage-gated ion channels. The PKD2 ion permeation pathway is constricted at the selectivity filter and near the cytoplasmic end of S6, suggesting that two gates regulate ion conduction. The extracellular domain of PKD2, a hotspot for ADPKD pathogenic mutations, contributes to channel assembly and strategically interacts with the transmembrane core, likely serving as a physical substrate for extracellular stimuli to allosterically gate the channel. Finally, our structure establishes the molecular basis for the majority of pathogenic mutations in Pkd2-related ADPKD. The Structure of the Polycystic Kidney Disease Channel PKD2 in Lipid Nanodiscs.,Shen PS, Yang X, DeCaen PG, Liu X, Bulkley D, Clapham DE, Cao E Cell. 2016 Oct 20;167(3):763-773.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.048. PMID:27768895[10] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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Categories: Human | Large Structures | Bulkley, D | Cao, E | Clapham, D E | DeCaen, P G | Liu, X | Shen, P S | Yang, X | Metal transport | Nanodisc | Pkd2 | Trp channel | Trpp
