| Structural highlights
Disease
[PCCA_HUMAN] Defects in PCCA are the cause of propionic acidemia type I (PA-1) [MIM:606054]. PA-1 is a life-threatening disease characterized by episodic vomiting, lethargy and ketosis, neutropenia, periodic thrombocytopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, developmental retardation, and intolerance to protein.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Evolutionary Conservation
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Publication Abstract from PubMed
Holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS, human) and BirA (Escherichia coli) are biotin protein ligases that catalyze the ATP-dependent attachment of biotin to apocarboxylases. Biotin attachment occurs on a highly conserved lysine residue within a consensus sequence (Ala/Val-Met-Lys-Met) that is found in carboxylases in most organisms. Numerous studies have indicated that HCS and BirA, as well as biotin protein ligases from other organisms, can attach biotin to apocarboxylases from different organisms, indicating that the mechanism of biotin attachment is well conserved. In this study, we examined the cross-reactivity of biotin attachment between human and bacterial biotin ligases by comparing biotinylation of p-67 and BCCP87, the biotin-attachment domain fragments from human propionyl-CoA carboxylase and E. coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase, respectively. While BirA has similar biotinylation activity toward the two substrates, HCS has reduced activity toward bacterial BCCP87 relative to its native substrate, p-67. The crystal structure of a digested form of p-67, spanning a sequence that contains a seven-residue protruding thumb loop in BCCP87, revealed the absence of a similar structure in the human peptide. Significantly, an engineered "thumbless" bacterial BCCP87 could be biotinylated by HCS, with substrate affinity restored to near normal. This study suggests that the thumb loop found in bacterial carboxylases interferes with optimal interaction with the mammalian biotin protein ligase. While the function of the thumb loop remains unknown, these results indicate a constraint on specificity of the bacterial substrate for biotin attachment that is not itself a feature of BirA.
Structural Impact of Human and Escherichia coli Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Proteins on Biotin Attachment.,Healy S, McDonald MK, Wu X, Yue WW, Kochan G, Oppermann U, Gravel RA Biochemistry. 2010 May 12. PMID:20443544[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Richard E, Desviat LR, Perez B, Perez-Cerda C, Ugarte M. Genetic heterogeneity in propionic acidemia patients with alpha-subunit defects. Identification of five novel mutations, one of them causing instability of the protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Mar 30;1453(3):351-8. PMID:10101253
- ↑ Perez B, Desviat LR, Rodriguez-Pombo P, Clavero S, Navarrete R, Perez-Cerda C, Ugarte M. Propionic acidemia: identification of twenty-four novel mutations in Europe and North America. Mol Genet Metab. 2003 Jan;78(1):59-67. PMID:12559849
- ↑ Yang X, Sakamoto O, Matsubara Y, Kure S, Suzuki Y, Aoki Y, Yamaguchi S, Takahashi Y, Nishikubo T, Kawaguchi C, Yoshioka A, Kimura T, Hayasaka K, Kohno Y, Iinuma K, Ohura T. Mutation spectrum of the PCCA and PCCB genes in Japanese patients with propionic acidemia. Mol Genet Metab. 2004 Apr;81(4):335-42. PMID:15059621 doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.01.003
- ↑ Campeau E, Dupuis L, Leon-Del-Rio A, Gravel R. Coding sequence mutations in the alpha subunit of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in patients with propionic acidemia. Mol Genet Metab. 1999 May;67(1):11-22. PMID:10329019 doi:10.1006/mgme.1999.2850
- ↑ Healy S, McDonald MK, Wu X, Yue WW, Kochan G, Oppermann U, Gravel RA. Structural Impact of Human and Escherichia coli Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Proteins on Biotin Attachment. Biochemistry. 2010 May 12. PMID:20443544 doi:10.1021/bi901612y
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