3rny
From Proteopedia
Crystal structure of human RSK1 C-terminal kinase domain
Structural highlights
Function[KS6A1_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of ERK (MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1) signaling and mediates mitogenic and stress-induced activation of the transcription factors CREB1, ETV1/ER81 and NR4A1/NUR77, regulates translation through RPS6 and EIF4B phosphorylation, and mediates cellular proliferation, survival, and differentiation by modulating mTOR signaling and repressing pro-apoptotic function of BAD and DAPK1. In fibroblast, is required for EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of CREB1, which results in the subsequent transcriptional activation of several immediate-early genes. In response to mitogenic stimulation (EGF and PMA), phosphorylates and activates NR4A1/NUR77 and ETV1/ER81 transcription factors and the cofactor CREBBP. Upon insulin-derived signal, acts indirectly on the transcription regulation of several genes by phosphorylating GSK3B at 'Ser-9' and inhibiting its activity. Phosphorylates RPS6 in response to serum or EGF via an mTOR-independent mechanism and promotes translation initiation by facilitating assembly of the preinitiation complex. In response to insulin, phosphorylates EIF4B, enhancing EIF4B affinity for the EIF3 complex and stimulating cap-dependent translation. Is involved in the mTOR nutrient-sensing pathway by directly phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-1798', which potently inhibits TSC2 ability to suppress mTOR signaling, and mediates phosphorylation of RPTOR, which regulates mTORC1 activity and may promote rapamycin-sensitive signaling independently of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Mediates cell survival by phosphorylating the pro-apoptotic proteins BAD and DAPK1 and suppressing their pro-apoptotic function. Promotes the survival of hepatic stellate cells by phosphorylating CEBPB in response to the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Is involved in cell cycle regulation by phosphorylating the CDK inhibitor CDKN1B, which promotes CDKN1B association with 14-3-3 proteins and prevents its translocation to the nucleus and inhibition of G1 progression.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] Publication Abstract from PubMedp90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) respond to various mitogen stimuli and comprise two distinct protein kinase domains. The C-terminal kinase domain (CTKD) receives signal from ERK1/2 and adopts an autoinhibitory mechanism. Here, the crystal structure of human RSK1 CTKD is reported at 2.7 A resolution. The structure shows a standard kinase fold, with the catalytic residues in the ATP-binding cleft orientated in optimal conformations for phosphotransfer. The inactivation of the CTKD is conferred by an extra alpha-helix (alphaL), which occupies the substrate-binding groove. In combination with previous knowledge, this structure indicates that activation of RSK1 involves the removal of alphaL from the substrate-binding groove induced by ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Structural basis for the autoinhibition of the C-terminal kinase domain of human RSK1.,Li D, Fu TM, Nan J, Liu C, Li LF, Su XD Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2012 Jun;68(Pt 6):680-5. Epub 2012 May 17. PMID:22683790[12] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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