| Structural highlights
5fhm is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Buffalo rat. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | , , , , , |
| Related: | 2p2a |
| Gene: | Gria2, Glur2 (Buffalo rat) |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
[GRIA2_RAT] Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
A series of analogues of the (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor agonist BnTetAMPA (5b) were synthesized and characterized pharmacologically in radioligand binding assays at native and cloned AMPA receptors and functionally by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology at the four homomeric AMPA receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The analogues 6 and 7 exhibit very different pharmacological profiles with binding affinity preference for the subtypes GluA1 and GluA3, respectively. X-ray crystal structures of three ligands (6, 7, and 8) in complex with the agonist binding domain (ABD) of GluA2 show that they induce full domain closure despite their low agonist efficacies. Trp767 in GluA2 ABD could be an important determinant for partial agonism of this compound series at AMPA receptors, since agonist efficacy also correlated with the location of the Trp767 side chain.
Tweaking Subtype Selectivity and Agonist Efficacy at (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) Receptors in a Small Series of BnTetAMPA Analogues.,Wang SY, Larsen Y, Navarrete CV, Jensen AA, Nielsen B, Al-Musaed A, Frydenvang K, Kastrup JS, Pickering DS, Clausen RP J Med Chem. 2016 Feb 22. PMID:26862980[15]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Everts I, Villmann C, Hollmann M. N-Glycosylation is not a prerequisite for glutamate receptor function but Is essential for lectin modulation. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Nov;52(5):861-73. PMID:9351977
- ↑ Schwenk J, Harmel N, Zolles G, Bildl W, Kulik A, Heimrich B, Chisaka O, Jonas P, Schulte U, Fakler B, Klocker N. Functional proteomics identify cornichon proteins as auxiliary subunits of AMPA receptors. Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1313-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1167852. PMID:19265014 doi:10.1126/science.1167852
- ↑ Kato AS, Gill MB, Ho MT, Yu H, Tu Y, Siuda ER, Wang H, Qian YW, Nisenbaum ES, Tomita S, Bredt DS. Hippocampal AMPA receptor gating controlled by both TARP and cornichon proteins. Neuron. 2010 Dec 22;68(6):1082-96. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.026. PMID:21172611 doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.026
- ↑ Jin R, Horning M, Mayer ML, Gouaux E. Mechanism of activation and selectivity in a ligand-gated ion channel: structural and functional studies of GluR2 and quisqualate. Biochemistry. 2002 Dec 31;41(52):15635-43. PMID:12501192
- ↑ Sun Y, Olson R, Horning M, Armstrong N, Mayer M, Gouaux E. Mechanism of glutamate receptor desensitization. Nature. 2002 May 16;417(6886):245-53. PMID:12015593 doi:10.1038/417245a
- ↑ Jin R, Banke TG, Mayer ML, Traynelis SF, Gouaux E. Structural basis for partial agonist action at ionotropic glutamate receptors. Nat Neurosci. 2003 Aug;6(8):803-10. PMID:12872125 doi:10.1038/nn1091
- ↑ Armstrong N, Mayer M, Gouaux E. Tuning activation of the AMPA-sensitive GluR2 ion channel by genetic adjustment of agonist-induced conformational changes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 13;100(10):5736-41. Epub 2003 May 2. PMID:12730367 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1037393100
- ↑ Jin R, Clark S, Weeks AM, Dudman JT, Gouaux E, Partin KM. Mechanism of positive allosteric modulators acting on AMPA receptors. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 28;25(39):9027-36. PMID:16192394 doi:25/39/9027
- ↑ Frandsen A, Pickering DS, Vestergaard B, Kasper C, Nielsen BB, Greenwood JR, Campiani G, Fattorusso C, Gajhede M, Schousboe A, Kastrup JS. Tyr702 is an important determinant of agonist binding and domain closure of the ligand-binding core of GluR2. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Mar;67(3):703-13. Epub 2004 Dec 9. PMID:15591246 doi:10.1124/mol.104.002931
- ↑ Armstrong N, Jasti J, Beich-Frandsen M, Gouaux E. Measurement of conformational changes accompanying desensitization in an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Cell. 2006 Oct 6;127(1):85-97. PMID:17018279 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.037
- ↑ Kasper C, Pickering DS, Mirza O, Olsen L, Kristensen AS, Greenwood JR, Liljefors T, Schousboe A, Watjen F, Gajhede M, Sigurskjold BW, Kastrup JS. The structure of a mixed GluR2 ligand-binding core dimer in complex with (S)-glutamate and the antagonist (S)-NS1209. J Mol Biol. 2006 Apr 7;357(4):1184-201. Epub 2006 Jan 31. PMID:16483599 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.01.024
- ↑ Sobolevsky AI, Rosconi MP, Gouaux E. X-ray structure, symmetry and mechanism of an AMPA-subtype glutamate receptor. Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):745-56. Epub . PMID:19946266 doi:10.1038/nature08624
- ↑ Rossmann M, Sukumaran M, Penn AC, Veprintsev DB, Babu MM, Greger IH. Subunit-selective N-terminal domain associations organize the formation of AMPA receptor heteromers. EMBO J. 2011 Mar 2;30(5):959-71. Epub 2011 Feb 11. PMID:21317873 doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.16
- ↑ Ahmed AH, Wang S, Chuang HH, Oswald RE. Mechanism of AMPA receptor activation by partial agonists: disulfide trapping of closed lobe conformations. J Biol Chem. 2011 Aug 16. PMID:21846932 doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.269001
- ↑ Wang SY, Larsen Y, Navarrete CV, Jensen AA, Nielsen B, Al-Musaed A, Frydenvang K, Kastrup JS, Pickering DS, Clausen RP. Tweaking Subtype Selectivity and Agonist Efficacy at (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) Receptors in a Small Series of BnTetAMPA Analogues. J Med Chem. 2016 Feb 22. PMID:26862980 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01982
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