2k3g

Structural highlights

Disease

[BMR1A_HUMAN] Defects in BMPR1A are a cause of juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) [MIM:174900]; also known as juvenile intestinal polyposis (JIP). JPS is an autosomal dominant gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndrome in which patients are at risk for developing gastrointestinal cancers. The lesions are typified by a smooth histological appearance, predominant stroma, cystic spaces and lack of a smooth muscle core. Multiple juvenile polyps usually occur in a number of Mendelian disorders. Sometimes, these polyps occur without associated features as in JPS; here, polyps tend to occur in the large bowel and are associated with an increased risk of colon and other gastrointestinal cancers.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]} Defects in BMPR1A are a cause of Cowden disease (CD) [MIM:158350]. CD is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome characterized by multiple hamartomas and by a high risk for breast, thyroid and endometrial cancers.^{[6] [7]} Defects in BMPR1A are the cause of hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome 2 (HMPS2) [MIM:610069]. Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome (HMPS) is characterized by atypical juvenile polyps, colonic adenomas, and colorectal carcinomas.^[8] Note=A microdeletion of chromosome 10q23 involving BMPR1A and PTEN is a cause of chromosome 10q23 deletion syndrome, which shows overlapping features of the following three disorders: Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, Cowden disease and juvenile polyposis syndrome.^[9]

Function

[BMR1A_HUMAN] On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for BMP-2 and BMP-4.

References

1. ↑ Howe JR, Bair JL, Sayed MG, Anderson ME, Mitros FA, Petersen GM, Velculescu VE, Traverso G, Vogelstein B. Germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in juvenile polyposis. Nat Genet. 2001 Jun;28(2):184-7. PMID:11381269 doi:10.1038/88919
2. ↑ Zhou XP, Woodford-Richens K, Lehtonen R, Kurose K, Aldred M, Hampel H, Launonen V, Virta S, Pilarski R, Salovaara R, Bodmer WF, Conrad BA, Dunlop M, Hodgson SV, Iwama T, Jarvinen H, Kellokumpu I, Kim JC, Leggett B, Markie D, Mecklin JP, Neale K, Phillips R, Piris J, Rozen P, Houlston RS, Aaltonen LA, Tomlinson IP, Eng C. Germline mutations in BMPR1A/ALK3 cause a subset of cases of juvenile polyposis syndrome and of Cowden and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Oct;69(4):704-11. Epub 2001 Aug 30. PMID:11536076 doi:10.1086/323703
3. ↑ Sayed MG, Ahmed AF, Ringold JR, Anderson ME, Bair JL, Mitros FA, Lynch HT, Tinley ST, Petersen GM, Giardiello FM, Vogelstein B, Howe JR. Germline SMAD4 or BMPR1A mutations and phenotype of juvenile polyposis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002 Nov;9(9):901-6. PMID:12417513
4. ↑ Friedl W, Uhlhaas S, Schulmann K, Stolte M, Loff S, Back W, Mangold E, Stern M, Knaebel HP, Sutter C, Weber RG, Pistorius S, Burger B, Propping P. Juvenile polyposis: massive gastric polyposis is more common in MADH4 mutation carriers than in BMPR1A mutation carriers. Hum Genet. 2002 Jul;111(1):108-11. Epub 2002 Jun 13. PMID:12136244 doi:10.1007/s00439-002-0748-9
5. ↑ Kim IJ, Park JH, Kang HC, Kim KH, Kim JH, Ku JL, Kang SB, Park SY, Lee JS, Park JG. Identification of a novel BMPR1A germline mutation in a Korean juvenile polyposis patient without SMAD4 mutation. Clin Genet. 2003 Feb;63(2):126-30. PMID:12630959
6. ↑ Howe JR, Bair JL, Sayed MG, Anderson ME, Mitros FA, Petersen GM, Velculescu VE, Traverso G, Vogelstein B. Germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in juvenile polyposis. Nat Genet. 2001 Jun;28(2):184-7. PMID:11381269 doi:10.1038/88919
7. ↑ Zhou XP, Woodford-Richens K, Lehtonen R, Kurose K, Aldred M, Hampel H, Launonen V, Virta S, Pilarski R, Salovaara R, Bodmer WF, Conrad BA, Dunlop M, Hodgson SV, Iwama T, Jarvinen H, Kellokumpu I, Kim JC, Leggett B, Markie D, Mecklin JP, Neale K, Phillips R, Piris J, Rozen P, Houlston RS, Aaltonen LA, Tomlinson IP, Eng C. Germline mutations in BMPR1A/ALK3 cause a subset of cases of juvenile polyposis syndrome and of Cowden and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Oct;69(4):704-11. Epub 2001 Aug 30. PMID:11536076 doi:10.1086/323703
8. ↑ Howe JR, Bair JL, Sayed MG, Anderson ME, Mitros FA, Petersen GM, Velculescu VE, Traverso G, Vogelstein B. Germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in juvenile polyposis. Nat Genet. 2001 Jun;28(2):184-7. PMID:11381269 doi:10.1038/88919
9. ↑ Howe JR, Bair JL, Sayed MG, Anderson ME, Mitros FA, Petersen GM, Velculescu VE, Traverso G, Vogelstein B. Germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in juvenile polyposis. Nat Genet. 2001 Jun;28(2):184-7. PMID:11381269 doi:10.1038/88919
10. ↑ Klages J, Kotzsch A, Coles M, Sebald W, Nickel J, Muller T, Kessler H. The solution structure of BMPR-IA reveals a local disorder-to-order transition upon BMP-2 binding. Biochemistry. 2008 Nov 18;47(46):11930-9. Epub 2008 Oct 21. PMID:18937504 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi801059j