6hwo
From Proteopedia
Crystal structure of human phosphodiesterase 4D2 catalytic domain with inhibitor NPD-1335
Structural highlights
Disease[PDE4D_HUMAN] Note=Genetic variations in PDE4D might be associated with susceptibility to stroke. PubMed:17006457 states that association with stroke has to be considered with caution. Defects in PDE4D are the cause of acrodysostosis type 2, with or without hormone resistance (ACRDYS2) [MIM:614613]. ACRDYS2 is a pleiotropic disorder characterized by skeletal, endocrine, and neurological abnormalities. Skeletal features include brachycephaly, midface hypoplasia with a small upturned nose, brachydactyly, and lumbar spinal stenosis. Endocrine abnormalities include hypothyroidism and hypogonadism in males and irregular menses in females. Developmental disability is a common finding but is variable in severity and can be associated with significant behavioral problems.[1] Function[PDE4D_HUMAN] Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.[2] [3] Publication Abstract from PubMedInhibitors against Trypanosoma brucei phosphodiesterase B1 (TbrPDEB1) and B2 (TbrPDEB2) have gained interest as new treatments for human African trypanosomiasis. The recently reported alkynamide tetrahydrophthalazinones, which show submicromolar activities against TbrPDEB1 and anti-T. brucei activity, have been used as starting point for the discovery of new TbrPDEB1 inhibitors. Structure-based design indicated that the alkynamide-nitrogen atom can be readily decorated, leading to the discovery of 37, a potent TbrPDEB1 inhibitor with submicromolar activities against T. brucei parasites. Furthermore, 37 is more potent against TbrPDEB1 than hPDE4 and shows no cytotoxicity on human MRC-5 cells. The crystal structures of the catalytic domain of TbrPDEB1 co-crystalized with several different alkynamides show a bidentate interaction with key-residue Gln874, but no interaction with the parasite-specific P-pocket, despite being (uniquely) a more potent inhibitor for the parasite PDE. Incubation of blood stream form trypanosomes by 37 increases intracellular cAMP levels and results in the distortion of the cell cycle and cell death, validating phosphodiesterase inhibition as mode of action. Alkynamide phthalazinones as a new class of TbrPDEB1 inhibitors (Part 2).,de Heuvel E, Singh AK, Boronat P, Kooistra AJ, van der Meer T, Sadek P, Blaazer AR, Shaner NC, Bindels DS, Caljon G, Maes L, Sterk GJ, Siderius M, Oberholzer M, de Esch IJP, Brown DG, Leurs R Bioorg Med Chem. 2019 Jul 5. pii: S0968-0896(19)30790-4. doi:, 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.026. PMID:31378593[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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