6qje

Structural highlights

Disease

[GALK1_HUMAN] Defects in GALK1 are the cause of galactosemia II (GALCT2) [MIM:230200]. Galactosemia II is an autosomal recessive deficiency characterized by congenital cataracts during infancy and presenile cataracts in the adult population. The cataracts are secondary to accumulation of galactitol in the lenses.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]}

Function

[GALK1_HUMAN] Major enzyme for galactose metabolism.

References

1. ↑ Kalaydjieva L, Perez-Lezaun A, Angelicheva D, Onengut S, Dye D, Bosshard NU, Jordanova A, Savov A, Yanakiev P, Kremensky I, Radeva B, Hallmayer J, Markov A, Nedkova V, Tournev I, Aneva L, Gitzelmann R. A founder mutation in the GK1 gene is responsible for galactokinase deficiency in Roma (Gypsies). Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Nov;65(5):1299-307. PMID:10521295 doi:S0002-9297(07)62136-3
2. ↑ Kolosha V, Anoia E, de Cespedes C, Gitzelmann R, Shih L, Casco T, Saborio M, Trejos R, Buist N, Tedesco T, Skach W, Mitelmann O, Ledee D, Huang K, Stambolian D. Novel mutations in 13 probands with galactokinase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2000;15(5):447-53. PMID:10790206 doi:<447::AID-HUMU6>3.0.CO;2-M 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(200005)15:5<447::AID-HUMU6>3.0.CO;2-M
3. ↑ Okano Y, Asada M, Fujimoto A, Ohtake A, Murayama K, Hsiao KJ, Choeh K, Yang Y, Cao Q, Reichardt JK, Niihira S, Imamura T, Yamano T. A genetic factor for age-related cataract: identification and characterization of a novel galactokinase variant, "Osaka," in Asians. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Apr;68(4):1036-42. Epub 2001 Feb 23. PMID:11231902 doi:S0002-9297(07)61428-1
4. ↑ Hunter M, Angelicheva D, Levy HL, Pueschel SM, Kalaydjieva L. Novel mutations in the GALK1 gene in patients with galactokinase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2001;17(1):77-8. PMID:11139256 doi:<77::AID-HUMU20>3.0.CO;2-H 10.1002/1098-1004(2001)17:1<77::AID-HUMU20>3.0.CO;2-H
5. ↑ Timson DJ, Reece RJ. Functional analysis of disease-causing mutations in human galactokinase. Eur J Biochem. 2003 Apr;270(8):1767-74. PMID:12694189
6. ↑ Sangiuolo F, Magnani M, Stambolian D, Novelli G. Biochemical characterization of two GALK1 mutations in patients with galactokinase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2004 Apr;23(4):396. PMID:15024738 doi:10.1002/humu.9223