| Structural highlights
Disease
[HEM3_HUMAN] Defects in HMBS are the cause of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) [MIM:176000]. AIP is a form of porphyria. Porphyrias are inherited defects in the biosynthesis of heme, resulting in the accumulation and increased excretion of porphyrins or porphyrin precursors. They are classified as erythropoietic or hepatic, depending on whether the enzyme deficiency occurs in red blood cells or in the liver. AIP is an autosomal dominant form of hepatic porphyria characterized by acute attacks of neurological dysfunctions with abdominal pain, hypertension, tachycardia, and peripheral neuropathy. Most attacks are precipitated by drugs, alcohol, caloric deprivation, infections, or endocrine factors.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [:][28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33]
Function
[HEM3_HUMAN] Tetrapolymerization of the monopyrrole PBG into the hydroxymethylbilane pre-uroporphyrinogen in several discrete steps.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), the third enzyme in the heme biosynthesis, catalyzes the sequential coupling of four porphobilinogen (PBG) molecules into a heme precursor. Mutations in PBGD are associated with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), a rare metabolic disorder. We used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to demonstrate that wild-type PBGD and AIP-associated mutant R167W both existed as holoenzymes (Eholo) covalently attached to the dipyrromethane cofactor, and three intermediate complexes, ES, ES2, and ES3, where S represents PBG. In contrast, only ES2 was detected in AIP-associated mutant R173W, indicating that the formation of ES3 is inhibited. The R173W crystal structure in the ES2-state revealed major rearrangements of the loops around the active site, compared to wild-type PBGD in the Eholo-state. These results contribute to elucidating the structural pathogenesis of two common AIP-associated mutations and reveal the important structural role of Arg173 in the polypyrrole elongation mechanism.
Characterization of porphobilinogen deaminase mutants reveals that arginine-173 is crucial for polypyrrole elongation mechanism.,Bustad HJ, Kallio JP, Laitaoja M, Toska K, Kursula I, Martinez A, Janis J iScience. 2021 Feb 6;24(3):102152. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102152. eCollection, 2021 Mar 19. PMID:33665570[34]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
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- ↑ Schneider-Yin X, Hergersberg M, Schuurmans MM, Gregor A, Minder EI. Mutation hotspots in the human porphobilinogen deaminase gene: recurrent mutations G111R and R173Q occurring at CpG motifs. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2004;27(5):625-31. PMID:15669678
- ↑ Bustad HJ, Kallio JP, Laitaoja M, Toska K, Kursula I, Martinez A, Janis J. Characterization of porphobilinogen deaminase mutants reveals that arginine-173 is crucial for polypyrrole elongation mechanism. iScience. 2021 Feb 6;24(3):102152. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102152. eCollection, 2021 Mar 19. PMID:33665570 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102152
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