| Structural highlights
3u85 is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Related: | |
| Gene: | MEN1, SCG2 (HUMAN), KMT2A, ALL1, CXXC7, HRX, HTRX, MLL, MLL1, TRX1 (HUMAN) |
| Activity: | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, with EC number 2.1.1.43 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
[MEN1_HUMAN] Defects in MEN1 are the cause of familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1) [MIM:131100]. Autosomal dominant disorder characterized by tumors of the parathyroid glands, gastro-intestinal endocrine tissue, the anterior pituitary and other tissues. Cutaneous lesions and nervous-tissue tumors can exist. Prognosis in MEN1 patients is related to hormonal hypersecretion by tumors, such as hypergastrinemia causing severe peptic ulcer disease (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, ZES), primary hyperparathyroidism, and acute forms of hyperinsulinemia.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] Defects in MEN1 are the cause of familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) [MIM:145000]; also known as hyperparathyroidism type 1 (HRPT1). FIHP is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypercalcemia, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and uniglandular or multiglandular parathyroid tumors.[41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [KMT2A_HUMAN] Acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23 abnormalities;Precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia;Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome;Acute biphenotypic leukemia;Acute undifferentiated leukemia;Bilineal acute leukemia. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Chromosomal aberrations involving KMT2A are a cause of acute leukemias. Translocation t(1;11)(q21;q23) with MLLT11/AF1Q; translocation t(3;11)(p21;q23) with NCKIPSD/AF3p21; translocation t(3,11)(q25,q23) with GMPS; translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23) with AFF1/MLLT2/AF4; insertion ins(5;11)(q31;q13q23) with AFF4/AF5Q31; translocation t(5;11)(q12;q23) with AF5-alpha/CENPK; translocation t(6;11)(q27;q23) with MLLT4/AF6; translocation t(9;11)(p22;q23) with MLLT3/AF9; translocation t(10;11)(p11.2;q23) with ABI1; translocation t(10;11)(p12;q23) with MLLT10/AF10; t(11;15)(q23;q14) with CASC5 and ZFYVE19; translocation t(11;17)(q23;q21) with MLLT6/AF17; translocation t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) with ELL; translocation t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) with MLLT1/ENL; translocation t(11;19)(q23;p23) with GAS7; translocation t(X;11)(q13;q23) with FOXO4/AFX1. Translocation t(3;11)(q28;q23) with LPP. Translocation t(10;11)(q22;q23) with TET1. Translocation t(9;11)(q34;q23) with DAB2IP. Translocation t(4;11)(p12;q23) with FRYL. Fusion proteins KMT2A-MLLT1, KMT2A-MLLT3 and KMT2A-ELL interact with PPP1R15A and, on the contrary to unfused KMT2A, inhibit PPP1R15A-induced apoptosis. A chromosomal aberration involving KMT2A may be a cause of chronic neutrophilic leukemia. Translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23) with SEPT11.
Function
[MEN1_HUMAN] Essential component of a MLL/SET1 histone methyltransferase (HMT) complex, a complex that specifically methylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4). Functions as a transcriptional regulator. Binds to the TERT promoter and represses telomerase expression. Plays a role in TGFB1-mediated inhibition of cell-proliferation, possibly regulating SMAD3 transcriptional activity. Represses JUND-mediated transcriptional activation on AP1 sites, as well as that mediated by NFKB subunit RELA. Positively regulates HOXC8 and HOXC6 gene expression. May be involved in normal hematopoiesis through the activation of HOXA9 expression (By similarity). May be involved in DNA repair.[48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [KMT2A_HUMAN] Histone methyltransferase that plays an essential role in early development and hematopoiesis. Catalytic subunit of the MLL1/MLL complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates both methylation of 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me) complex and acetylation of 'Lys-16' of histone H4 (H4K16ac). In the MLL1/MLL complex, it specifically mediates H3K4me, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Has weak methyltransferase activity by itself, and requires other component of the MLL1/MLL complex to obtain full methyltransferase activity. Has no activity toward histone H3 phosphorylated on 'Thr-3', less activity toward H3 dimethylated on 'Arg-8' or 'Lys-9', while it has higher activity toward H3 acetylated on 'Lys-9'. Required for transcriptional activation of HOXA9. Promotes PPP1R15A-induced apoptosis.[53] [54] [55] [56]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Menin is a tumour suppressor protein whose loss or inactivation causes multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1), a hereditary autosomal dominant tumour syndrome that is characterized by tumorigenesis in multiple endocrine organs. Menin interacts with many proteins and is involved in a variety of cellular processes. Menin binds the JUN family transcription factor JUND and inhibits its transcriptional activity. Several MEN1 missense mutations disrupt the menin-JUND interaction, suggesting a correlation between the tumour-suppressor function of menin and its suppression of JUND-activated transcription. Menin also interacts with mixed lineage leukaemia protein 1 (MLL1), a histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase, and functions as an oncogenic cofactor to upregulate gene transcription and promote MLL1-fusion-protein-induced leukaemogenesis. A recent report on the tethering of MLL1 to chromatin binding factor lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) by menin indicates that menin is a molecular adaptor coordinating the functions of multiple proteins. Despite its importance, how menin interacts with many distinct partners and regulates their functions remains poorly understood. Here we present the crystal structures of human menin in its free form and in complexes with MLL1 or with JUND, or with an MLL1-LEDGF heterodimer. These structures show that menin contains a deep pocket that binds short peptides of MLL1 or JUND in the same manner, but that it can have opposite effects on transcription. The menin-JUND interaction blocks JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated JUND phosphorylation and suppresses JUND-induced transcription. In contrast, menin promotes gene transcription by binding the transcription activator MLL1 through the peptide pocket while still interacting with the chromatin-anchoring protein LEDGF at a distinct surface formed by both menin and MLL1.
The same pocket in menin binds both MLL and JUND but has opposite effects on transcription.,Huang J, Gurung B, Wan B, Matkar S, Veniaminova NA, Wan K, Merchant JL, Hua X, Lei M Nature. 2012 Feb 12;482(7386):542-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10806. PMID:22327296[57]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
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- ↑ Agarwal SK, Guru SC, Heppner C, Erdos MR, Collins RM, Park SY, Saggar S, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Spiegel AM, Marx SJ, Burns AL. Menin interacts with the AP1 transcription factor JunD and represses JunD-activated transcription. Cell. 1999 Jan 8;96(1):143-52. PMID:9989505
- ↑ Chandrasekharappa SC, Guru SC, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Collins FS, Emmert-Buck MR, Debelenko LV, Zhuang Z, Lubensky IA, Liotta LA, Crabtree JS, Wang Y, Roe BA, Weisemann J, Boguski MS, Agarwal SK, Kester MB, Kim YS, Heppner C, Dong Q, Spiegel AM, Burns AL, Marx SJ. Positional cloning of the gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1. Science. 1997 Apr 18;276(5311):404-7. PMID:9103196
- ↑ Toledo RA, Lourenco DM Jr, Coutinho FL, Quedas E, Mackowiack I, Machado MC, Montenegro F, Cunha-Neto MB, Liberman B, Pereira MA, Correa PH, Toledo SP. Novel MEN1 germline mutations in Brazilian families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Sep;67(3):377-84. Epub 2007 Jun 6. PMID:17555499 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02895.x
- ↑ Agarwal SK, Kester MB, Debelenko LV, Heppner C, Emmert-Buck MR, Skarulis MC, Doppman JL, Kim YS, Lubensky IA, Zhuang Z, Green JS, Guru SC, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Liotta LA, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Spiegel AM, Burns AL, Marx SJ. Germline mutations of the MEN1 gene in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and related states. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Jul;6(7):1169-75. PMID:9215689
- ↑ Lemmens I, Van de Ven WJ, Kas K, Zhang CX, Giraud S, Wautot V, Buisson N, De Witte K, Salandre J, Lenoir G, Pugeat M, Calender A, Parente F, Quincey D, Gaudray P, De Wit MJ, Lips CJ, Hoppener JW, Khodaei S, Grant AL, Weber G, Kytola S, Teh BT, Farnebo F, Thakker RV, et al.. Identification of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene. The European Consortium on MEN1. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Jul;6(7):1177-83. PMID:9215690
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- ↑ Agarwal SK, Debelenko LV, Kester MB, Guru SC, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Skarulis MC, Heppner C, Crabtree JS, Lubensky IA, Zhuang Z, Kim YS, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Liotta LA, Spiegel AM, Burns AL, Emmert-Buck MR, Marx SJ. Analysis of recurrent germline mutations in the MEN1 gene encountered in apparently unrelated families. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(2):75-82. PMID:9671267 doi:<75::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-T 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)12:2<75::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-T
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- ↑ Tanaka C, Yoshimoto K, Yamada S, Nishioka H, Ii S, Moritani M, Yamaoka T, Itakura M. Absence of germ-line mutations of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene in familial pituitary adenoma in contrast to MEN1 in Japanese. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Mar;83(3):960-5. PMID:9506756
- ↑ Teh BT, Kytola S, Farnebo F, Bergman L, Wong FK, Weber G, Hayward N, Larsson C, Skogseid B, Beckers A, Phelan C, Edwards M, Epstein M, Alford F, Hurley D, Grimmond S, Silins G, Walters M, Stewart C, Cardinal J, Khodaei S, Parente F, Tranebjaerg L, Jorde R, Salmela P, et al.. Mutation analysis of the MEN1 gene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, familial acromegaly and familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Aug;83(8):2621-6. PMID:9709921
- ↑ Carling T, Correa P, Hessman O, Hedberg J, Skogseid B, Lindberg D, Rastad J, Westin G, Akerstrom G. Parathyroid MEN1 gene mutations in relation to clinical characteristics of nonfamilial primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Aug;83(8):2960-3. PMID:9709976
- ↑ Mayr B, Brabant G, von zur Muhlen A. Menin mutations in MEN1 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Aug;83(8):3004-5. PMID:9709985
- ↑ Boni R, Vortmeyer AO, Pack S, Park WS, Burg G, Hofbauer G, Darling T, Liotta L, Zhuang Z. Somatic mutations of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene detected in sporadic angiofibromas. J Invest Dermatol. 1998 Sep;111(3):539-40. PMID:9740255 doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00317.x
- ↑ Sakurai A, Shirahama S, Fujimori M, Katai M, Itakura Y, Kobayashi S, Amano J, Fukushima Y, Hashizume K. Novel MEN1 gene mutations in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. J Hum Genet. 1998;43(3):199-201. PMID:9747036 doi:10.1007/s100380050070
- ↑ Sato M, Matsubara S, Miyauchi A, Ohye H, Imachi H, Murao K, Takahara J. Identification of five novel germline mutations of the MEN1 gene in Japanese multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) families. J Med Genet. 1998 Nov;35(11):915-9. PMID:9832038
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- ↑ Poncin J, Abs R, Velkeniers B, Bonduelle M, Abramowicz M, Legros JJ, Verloes A, Meurisse M, Van Gaal L, Verellen C, Koulischer L, Beckers A. Mutation analysis of the MEN1 gene in Belgian patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and related diseases. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(1):54-60. PMID:9888389 doi:<54::AID-HUMU6>3.0.CO;2-K 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:1<54::AID-HUMU6>3.0.CO;2-K
- ↑ Mutch MG, Dilley WG, Sanjurjo F, DeBenedetti MK, Doherty GM, Wells SA Jr, Goodfellow PJ, Lairmore TC. Germline mutations in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gene: evidence for frequent splicing defects. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(3):175-85. PMID:10090472 doi:<175::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-R 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:3<175::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-R
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- ↑ Okamoto H, Tamada A, Hai N, Doi M, Uchimura I, Hirata Y, Kosugi S. A novel six-nucleotide insertion in exon 4 of the MEN1 gene, 878insCTGCAG, in three patients with familial insulinoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2002 Sep;32(9):368-70. PMID:12417605
- ↑ Turner JJ, Leotlela PD, Pannett AA, Forbes SA, Bassett JH, Harding B, Christie PT, Bowen-Jones D, Ellard S, Hattersley A, Jackson CE, Pope R, Quarrell OW, Trembath R, Thakker RV. Frequent occurrence of an intron 4 mutation in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2688-93. PMID:12050235
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- ↑ Poncin J, Abs R, Velkeniers B, Bonduelle M, Abramowicz M, Legros JJ, Verloes A, Meurisse M, Van Gaal L, Verellen C, Koulischer L, Beckers A. Mutation analysis of the MEN1 gene in Belgian patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and related diseases. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(1):54-60. PMID:9888389 doi:<54::AID-HUMU6>3.0.CO;2-K 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:1<54::AID-HUMU6>3.0.CO;2-K
- ↑ Pannett AA, Kennedy AM, Turner JJ, Forbes SA, Cavaco BM, Bassett JH, Cianferotti L, Harding B, Shine B, Flinter F, Maidment CG, Trembath R, Thakker RV. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) germline mutations in familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003 May;58(5):639-46. PMID:12699448
- ↑ Teh BT, Esapa CT, Houlston R, Grandell U, Farnebo F, Nordenskjold M, Pearce CJ, Carmichael D, Larsson C, Harris PE. A family with isolated hyperparathyroidism segregating a missense MEN1 mutation and showing loss of the wild-type alleles in the parathyroid tumors. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Nov;63(5):1544-9. PMID:9792884 doi:10.1086/302097
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- ↑ Kaji H, Canaff L, Lebrun JJ, Goltzman D, Hendy GN. Inactivation of menin, a Smad3-interacting protein, blocks transforming growth factor type beta signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Mar 27;98(7):3837-42. Epub 2001 Mar 13. PMID:11274402 doi:10.1073/pnas.061358098
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- ↑ Lin SY, Elledge SJ. Multiple tumor suppressor pathways negatively regulate telomerase. Cell. 2003 Jun 27;113(7):881-9. PMID:12837246
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- ↑ Dou Y, Milne TA, Tackett AJ, Smith ER, Fukuda A, Wysocka J, Allis CD, Chait BT, Hess JL, Roeder RG. Physical association and coordinate function of the H3 K4 methyltransferase MLL1 and the H4 K16 acetyltransferase MOF. Cell. 2005 Jun 17;121(6):873-85. PMID:15960975 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.031
- ↑ Patel A, Dharmarajan V, Vought VE, Cosgrove MS. On the mechanism of multiple lysine methylation by the human mixed lineage leukemia protein-1 (MLL1) core complex. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 4;284(36):24242-56. Epub 2009 Jun 25. PMID:19556245 doi:M109.014498
- ↑ Huang J, Gurung B, Wan B, Matkar S, Veniaminova NA, Wan K, Merchant JL, Hua X, Lei M. The same pocket in menin binds both MLL and JUND but has opposite effects on transcription. Nature. 2012 Feb 12;482(7386):542-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10806. PMID:22327296 doi:10.1038/nature10806
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