| Structural highlights
Function
[CGAS_HUMAN] Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP and exhibits antiviral activity. Has antiviral activity by acting as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the presence of DNA in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses. Binds cytosolic DNA directly, leading to activation and synthesis of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates TMEM173/STING, thereby triggering type-I interferon production.[1] [2]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is the primary sensor for aberrant intracellular dsDNA producing the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP, a second messenger initiating cytokine production in subsets of myeloid lineage cell types. Therefore, inhibition of the enzyme cGAS may act anti-inflammatory. Here we report the discovery of human-cGAS-specific small-molecule inhibitors by high-throughput screening and the targeted medicinal chemistry optimization for two molecular scaffolds. Lead compounds from one scaffold co-crystallize with human cGAS and occupy the ATP- and GTP-binding active site. The specificity and potency of these drug candidates is further documented in human myeloid cells including primary macrophages. These novel cGAS inhibitors with cell-based activity will serve as probes into cGAS-dependent innate immune pathways and warrant future pharmacological studies for treatment of cGAS-dependent inflammatory diseases.
Development of human cGAS-specific small-molecule inhibitors for repression of dsDNA-triggered interferon expression.,Lama L, Adura C, Xie W, Tomita D, Kamei T, Kuryavyi V, Gogakos T, Steinberg JI, Miller M, Ramos-Espiritu L, Asano Y, Hashizume S, Aida J, Imaeda T, Okamoto R, Jennings AJ, Michino M, Kuroita T, Stamford A, Gao P, Meinke P, Glickman JF, Patel DJ, Tuschl T Nat Commun. 2019 May 21;10(1):2261. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08620-4. PMID:31113940[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Schoggins JW, Wilson SJ, Panis M, Murphy MY, Jones CT, Bieniasz P, Rice CM. A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response. Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):481-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09907. Epub 2011 Apr 10. PMID:21478870 doi:10.1038/nature09907
- ↑ Sun L, Wu J, Du F, Chen X, Chen ZJ. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway. Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):786-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1232458. Epub 2012, Dec 20. PMID:23258413 doi:10.1126/science.1232458
- ↑ Lama L, Adura C, Xie W, Tomita D, Kamei T, Kuryavyi V, Gogakos T, Steinberg JI, Miller M, Ramos-Espiritu L, Asano Y, Hashizume S, Aida J, Imaeda T, Okamoto R, Jennings AJ, Michino M, Kuroita T, Stamford A, Gao P, Meinke P, Glickman JF, Patel DJ, Tuschl T. Development of human cGAS-specific small-molecule inhibitors for repression of dsDNA-triggered interferon expression. Nat Commun. 2019 May 21;10(1):2261. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08620-4. PMID:31113940 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08620-4
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