6pa7

Structural highlights

Disease

[DNM3B_HUMAN] ICF syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]}

Function

[H2A1_XENLA] Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. [DNM3A_HUMAN] Required for genome-wide de novo methylation and is essential for the establishment of DNA methylation patterns during development. DNA methylation is coordinated with methylation of histones. It modifies DNA in a non-processive manner and also methylates non-CpG sites. May preferentially methylate DNA linker between 2 nucleosomal cores and is inhibited by histone H1. Plays a role in paternal and maternal imprinting. Required for methylation of most imprinted loci in germ cells. Acts as a transcriptional corepressor for ZNF238. Can actively repress transcription through the recruitment of HDAC activity (By similarity).^[6] [H4_XENLA] Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. [DNM3B_HUMAN] Required for genome-wide de novo methylation and is essential for the establishment of DNA methylation patterns during development. DNA methylation is coordinated with methylation of histones. May preferentially methylates nucleosomal DNA within the nucleosome core region. May function as transcriptional co-repressor by associating with CBX4 and independently of DNA methylation. Seems to be involved in gene silencing (By similarity). In association with DNMT1 and via the recruitment of CTCFL/BORIS, involved in activation of BAG1 gene expression by modulating dimethylation of promoter histone H3 at H3K4 and H3K9. Isoforms 4 and 5 are probably not functional due to the deletion of two conserved methyltransferase motifs. Function as transcriptional corepressor by associating with ZHX1.^{[7] [8] [9] [10]} [H32_XENLA] Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. [H2B11_XENLA] Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

See Also

• DNA methyltransferase 3D structures
• Histone 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Xu GL, Bestor TH, Bourc'his D, Hsieh CL, Tommerup N, Bugge M, Hulten M, Qu X, Russo JJ, Viegas-Pequignot E. Chromosome instability and immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in a DNA methyltransferase gene. Nature. 1999 Nov 11;402(6758):187-91. PMID:10647011 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/46052
2. ↑ Okano M, Bell DW, Haber DA, Li E. DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development. Cell. 1999 Oct 29;99(3):247-57. PMID:10555141
3. ↑ Hansen RS, Wijmenga C, Luo P, Stanek AM, Canfield TK, Weemaes CM, Gartler SM. The DNMT3B DNA methyltransferase gene is mutated in the ICF immunodeficiency syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Dec 7;96(25):14412-7. PMID:10588719
4. ↑ Wijmenga C, Hansen RS, Gimelli G, Bjorck EJ, Davies EG, Valentine D, Belohradsky BH, van Dongen JJ, Smeets DF, van den Heuvel LP, Luyten JA, Strengman E, Weemaes C, Pearson PL. Genetic variation in ICF syndrome: evidence for genetic heterogeneity. Hum Mutat. 2000 Dec;16(6):509-17. PMID:11102980 doi:<509::AID-HUMU8>3.0.CO;2-V http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-1004(200012)16:6<509::AID-HUMU8>3.0.CO;2-V
5. ↑ Jiang YL, Rigolet M, Bourc'his D, Nigon F, Bokesoy I, Fryns JP, Hulten M, Jonveaux P, Maraschio P, Megarbane A, Moncla A, Viegas-Pequignot E. DNMT3B mutations and DNA methylation defect define two types of ICF syndrome. Hum Mutat. 2005 Jan;25(1):56-63. PMID:15580563 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.20113
6. ↑ Vire E, Brenner C, Deplus R, Blanchon L, Fraga M, Didelot C, Morey L, Van Eynde A, Bernard D, Vanderwinden JM, Bollen M, Esteller M, Di Croce L, de Launoit Y, Fuks F. The Polycomb group protein EZH2 directly controls DNA methylation. Nature. 2006 Feb 16;439(7078):871-4. Epub 2005 Dec 14. PMID:16357870 doi:10.1038/nature04431
7. ↑ Vire E, Brenner C, Deplus R, Blanchon L, Fraga M, Didelot C, Morey L, Van Eynde A, Bernard D, Vanderwinden JM, Bollen M, Esteller M, Di Croce L, de Launoit Y, Fuks F. The Polycomb group protein EZH2 directly controls DNA methylation. Nature. 2006 Feb 16;439(7078):871-4. Epub 2005 Dec 14. PMID:16357870 doi:10.1038/nature04431
8. ↑ Kim SH, Park J, Choi MC, Kim HP, Park JH, Jung Y, Lee JH, Oh DY, Im SA, Bang YJ, Kim TY. Zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) binds DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3B to enhance DNMT3B-mediated transcriptional repression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Apr 6;355(2):318-23. Epub 2007 Feb 8. PMID:17303076 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.187
9. ↑ Sun L, Huang L, Nguyen P, Bisht KS, Bar-Sela G, Ho AS, Bradbury CM, Yu W, Cui H, Lee S, Trepel JB, Feinberg AP, Gius D. DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3B activate BAG-1 expression via recruitment of CTCFL/BORIS and modulation of promoter histone methylation. Cancer Res. 2008 Apr 15;68(8):2726-35. PMID:18413740 doi:68/8/2726
10. ↑ Kim SH, Park J, Choi MC, Park JH, Kim HP, Lee JH, Oh DY, Im SA, Bang YJ, Kim TY. DNA methyltransferase 3B acts as a co-repressor of the human polycomb protein hPc2 to repress fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 transcription. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(11):2462-71. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.04.018. , Epub 2008 May 18. PMID:18567530 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2008.04.018
11. ↑ Xu TH, Liu M, Zhou XE, Liang G, Zhao G, Xu HE, Melcher K, Jones PA. Structure of nucleosome-bound DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Nature. 2020 Oct;586(7827):151-155. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2747-1. Epub 2020 Sep, 23. PMID:32968275 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2747-1