7uv8

Structural highlights

Function

UBC2_YEAST Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. In association with the E3 enzyme BRE1 and LGE1, it plays a role in transcription regulation by catalyzing the monoubiquitination of histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1. H2BK123ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, elongation by RNA polymerase II, telomeric silencing, and is also a prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation. In association with the E3 enzyme RAD18, it catalyzes the monoubiquitination of POL30 'Lys-164', involved in postreplication repair of UV-damaged DNA. The RAD6/UBC2-RAD18 complex is also involved in prevention of spontaneous mutations caused by 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine. In association with the E3 enzyme UBR1, is involved in N-end rule-dependent protein degradation. Also involved in sporulation.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]}

References

1. ↑ Jentsch S, McGrath JP, Varshavsky A. The yeast DNA repair gene RAD6 encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Nature. 1987 Sep 10-16;329(6135):131-4. PMID:3306404 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329131a0
2. ↑ Montelone BA, Prakash S, Prakash L. Recombination and mutagenesis in rad6 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for multiple functions of the RAD6 gene. Mol Gen Genet. 1981;184(3):410-5. PMID:7038392
3. ↑ Sung P, Prakash S, Prakash L. Mutation of cysteine-88 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD6 protein abolishes its ubiquitin-conjugating activity and its various biological functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(7):2695-9. PMID:2157209
4. ↑ Dohmen RJ, Madura K, Bartel B, Varshavsky A. The N-end rule is mediated by the UBC2(RAD6) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 15;88(16):7351-5. PMID:1651502
5. ↑ Sung P, Berleth E, Pickart C, Prakash S, Prakash L. Yeast RAD6 encoded ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mediates protein degradation dependent on the N-end-recognizing E3 enzyme. EMBO J. 1991 Aug;10(8):2187-93. PMID:2065660
6. ↑ Watkins JF, Sung P, Prakash S, Prakash L. The extremely conserved amino terminus of RAD6 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme is essential for amino-end rule-dependent protein degradation. Genes Dev. 1993 Feb;7(2):250-61. PMID:8436296
7. ↑ Bailly V, Lamb J, Sung P, Prakash S, Prakash L. Specific complex formation between yeast RAD6 and RAD18 proteins: a potential mechanism for targeting RAD6 ubiquitin-conjugating activity to DNA damage sites. Genes Dev. 1994 Apr 1;8(7):811-20. PMID:7926769
8. ↑ Bailly V, Lauder S, Prakash S, Prakash L. Yeast DNA repair proteins Rad6 and Rad18 form a heterodimer that has ubiquitin conjugating, DNA binding, and ATP hydrolytic activities. J Biol Chem. 1997 Sep 12;272(37):23360-5. PMID:9287349
9. ↑ Huang H, Kahana A, Gottschling DE, Prakash L, Liebman SW. The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Rad6 (Ubc2) is required for silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Nov;17(11):6693-9. PMID:9343433
10. ↑ Ulrich HD, Jentsch S. Two RING finger proteins mediate cooperation between ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes in DNA repair. EMBO J. 2000 Jul 3;19(13):3388-97. PMID:10880451 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/19.13.3388
11. ↑ Sun ZW, Allis CD. Ubiquitination of histone H2B regulates H3 methylation and gene silencing in yeast. Nature. 2002 Jul 4;418(6893):104-8. Epub 2002 Jun 23. PMID:12077605 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature00883
12. ↑ Hoege C, Pfander B, Moldovan GL, Pyrowolakis G, Jentsch S. RAD6-dependent DNA repair is linked to modification of PCNA by ubiquitin and SUMO. Nature. 2002 Sep 12;419(6903):135-41. PMID:12226657 doi:10.1038/nature00991
13. ↑ Kao CF, Hillyer C, Tsukuda T, Henry K, Berger S, Osley MA. Rad6 plays a role in transcriptional activation through ubiquitylation of histone H2B. Genes Dev. 2004 Jan 15;18(2):184-95. PMID:14752010 doi:10.1101/gad.1149604
14. ↑ de Padula M, Slezak G, Auffret van Der Kemp P, Boiteux S. The post-replication repair RAD18 and RAD6 genes are involved in the prevention of spontaneous mutations caused by 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Sep 23;32(17):5003-10. Print 2004. PMID:15388802 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh831
15. ↑ Wood A, Schneider J, Dover J, Johnston M, Shilatifard A. The Bur1/Bur2 complex is required for histone H2B monoubiquitination by Rad6/Bre1 and histone methylation by COMPASS. Mol Cell. 2005 Nov 23;20(4):589-99. PMID:16307922 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S1097-2765(05)01631-X
16. ↑ Xiao T, Kao CF, Krogan NJ, Sun ZW, Greenblatt JF, Osley MA, Strahl BD. Histone H2B ubiquitylation is associated with elongating RNA polymerase II. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Jan;25(2):637-51. PMID:15632065 doi:25/2/637
17. ↑ Zhang H, Lawrence CW. The error-free component of the RAD6/RAD18 DNA damage tolerance pathway of budding yeast employs sister-strand recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 1;102(44):15954-9. Epub 2005 Oct 24. PMID:16247017 doi:http://dx.doi.org/0504586102