7juj
From Proteopedia
Cruzain bound to Gallinamide inhibitor
Structural highlights
FunctionCYSP_TRYCR Hydrolyzes chromogenic peptides at the carboxyl Arg or Lys; requires at least one more amino acid, preferably Arg, Phe, Val or Leu, between the terminal Arg or Lys and the amino-blocking group. The cysteine protease may play an important role in the development and differentiation of the parasites at several stages of their life cycle. Publication Abstract from PubMedGallinamide A, a metabolite of the marine cyanobacterium Schizothrix sp., selectively inhibits cathepsin L-like cysteine proteases. We evaluated the potency of gallinamide A and 23 synthetic analogues against intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes and the cysteine protease, cruzain. We determined the co-crystal structures of cruzain with gallinamide A and two synthetic analogues at approximately 2 A. SAR data revealed that the N-terminal end of gallinamide A is loosely bound and weakly contributes in drug-target interactions. At the C-terminus, the intramolecular pi-pi stacking interactions between the aromatic substituents at P1' and P1 restrict the bioactive conformation of the inhibitors, thus minimizing the entropic loss associated with target binding. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that in the absence of an aromatic group at P1, the substituent at P1' interacts with tryptophan-184. The P1-P1' interactions had no effect on anti-cruzain activity, whereas anti-T. cruzi potency increased by approximately fivefold, likely due to an increase in solubility/permeability of the analogues. Intramolecular Interactions Enhance the Potency of Gallinamide A Analogues against Trypanosoma cruzi.,Barbosa Da Silva E, Sharma V, Hernandez-Alvarez L, Tang AH, Stoye A, O'Donoghue AJ, Gerwick WH, Payne RJ, McKerrow JH, Podust LM J Med Chem. 2022 Feb 21. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02063. PMID:35188371[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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