4n5e
From Proteopedia
42F3 TCR pCPA12/H-2Ld complex
Structural highlights
DiseaseTRAC_HUMAN TCR-alpha-beta-positive T-cell deficiency. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. FunctionTRAC_HUMAN Constant region of T cell receptor (TR) alpha chain (PubMed:24600447). Alpha-beta T cell receptors are antigen specific receptors which are essential to the immune response and are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes. Recognize peptide-major histocompatibility (MH) (pMH) complexes that are displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC), a prerequisite for efficient T cell adaptive immunity against pathogens (PubMed:25493333). Binding of alpha-beta TR to pMH complex initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn, ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell growth and differentiation (PubMed:23524462). The T cell repertoire is generated in the thymus, by V-(D)-J rearrangement. This repertoire is then shaped by intrathymic selection events to generate a peripheral T cell pool of self-MH restricted, non-autoaggressive T cells. Post-thymic interaction of alpha-beta TR with the pMH complexes shapes TR structural and functional avidity (PubMed:15040585).[1] [2] [3] [4] A0A0G2JFA3_MOUSE TVA1_MOUSE Publication Abstract from PubMedThe T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) interface is composed of conserved and diverse regions, yet the relative contribution of each in shaping recognition by T cells remains unclear. Here we isolated cross-reactive peptides with limited homology, which allowed us to compare the structural properties of nine peptides for a single TCR-MHC pair. The TCR's cross-reactivity was rooted in highly similar recognition of an apical 'hot-spot' position in the peptide with tolerance of sequence variation at ancillary positions. Furthermore, we found a striking structural convergence onto a germline-mediated interaction between the TCR CDR1alpha region and the MHC alpha2 helix in twelve TCR-peptide-MHC complexes. Our studies suggest that TCR-MHC germline-mediated constraints, together with a focus on a small peptide hot spot, might place limits on peptide antigen cross-reactivity. Structural interplay between germline interactions and adaptive recognition determines the bandwidth of TCR-peptide-MHC cross-reactivity.,Adams JJ, Narayanan S, Birnbaum ME, Sidhu SS, Blevins SJ, Gee MH, Sibener LV, Baker BM, Kranz DM, Garcia KC Nat Immunol. 2016 Jan;17(1):87-94. doi: 10.1038/ni.3310. Epub 2015 Nov 2. PMID:26523866[5] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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