| Structural highlights
Disease
[MTHR_HUMAN] Thoracolumbosacral spina bifida cystica;Cervicothoracic spina bifida cystica;Lumbosacral spina bifida cystica;Homocystinuria due to methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency;Cervicothoracic spina bifida aperta;Upper thoracic spina bifida aperta;Lumbosacral spina bifida aperta;Thoracolumbosacral spina bifida aperta;Methotrexate toxicity or dose selection;Cervical spina bifida cystica;Non rare thrombophilia;Upper thoracic spina bifida cystica;Total spina bifida aperta;Total spina bifida cystica;Isolated anencephaly/exencephaly;Cervical spina bifida aperta. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Function
[MTHR_HUMAN] Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine.[1]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The folate and methionine cycles are crucial for biosynthesis of lipids, nucleotides and proteins, and production of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) represents a key regulatory connection between these cycles, generating 5-methyltetrahydrofolate for initiation of the methionine cycle, and undergoing allosteric inhibition by its end product SAM. Our 2.5 A resolution crystal structure of human MTHFR reveals a unique architecture, appending the well-conserved catalytic TIM-barrel to a eukaryote-only SAM-binding domain. The latter domain of novel fold provides the predominant interface for MTHFR homo-dimerization, positioning the N-terminal serine-rich phosphorylation region near the C-terminal SAM-binding domain. This explains how MTHFR phosphorylation, identified on 11 N-terminal residues (16 in total), increases sensitivity to SAM binding and inhibition. Finally, we demonstrate that the 25-amino-acid inter-domain linker enables conformational plasticity and propose it to be a key mediator of SAM regulation. Together, these results provide insight into the molecular regulation of MTHFR.
Structural basis for the regulation of human 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase by phosphorylation and S-adenosylmethionine inhibition.,Froese DS, Kopec J, Rembeza E, Bezerra GA, Oberholzer AE, Suormala T, Lutz S, Chalk R, Borkowska O, Baumgartner MR, Yue WW Nat Commun. 2018 Jun 11;9(1):2261. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04735-2. PMID:29891918[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Burda P, Schafer A, Suormala T, Rummel T, Burer C, Heuberger D, Frapolli M, Giunta C, Sokolova J, Vlaskova H, Kozich V, Koch HG, Fowler B, Froese DS, Baumgartner MR. Insights into severe 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: molecular genetic and enzymatic characterization of 76 patients. Hum Mutat. 2015 Jun;36(6):611-21. doi: 10.1002/humu.22779. Epub 2015 Apr 27. PMID:25736335 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.22779
- ↑ Froese DS, Kopec J, Rembeza E, Bezerra GA, Oberholzer AE, Suormala T, Lutz S, Chalk R, Borkowska O, Baumgartner MR, Yue WW. Structural basis for the regulation of human 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase by phosphorylation and S-adenosylmethionine inhibition. Nat Commun. 2018 Jun 11;9(1):2261. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04735-2. PMID:29891918 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04735-2
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