6gen is a 20 chain structure with sequence from [1] and Baker's yeast. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
[RUVB1_YEAST] DNA helicase which participates in several chromatin remodeling complexes, including the SWR1 and the INO80 complexes. The SWR1 complex mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant HZT1 leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. The INO80 complex remodels chromatin by shifting nucleosomes. Its ability to induce transcription of some phosphate-responsive genes is modulated by inositol polyphosphates. The INO80 complex is involved in DNA repair by associating to 'Ser-129' phosphorylated H2A histones as a response to DNA damage. RVB1 recruits ARP5 to the INO80 complex. During transcription may recruit SPT15/TBP to the TATA-boxes of involved genes. Required for box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNA accumulation and involved in pre-rRNA processing.[1][2][3][4][5][6] [ARP6_YEAST] Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant HZT1 leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Involved in chromosome stability.[7][8][9] [RUVB2_YEAST] DNA helicase which participates in several chromatin remodeling complexes, including the SWR1 and the INO80 complexes. The SWR1 complex mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant HZT1 leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. The INO80 complex remodels chromatin by shifting nucleosomes. Its ability to induce transcription of some phosphate-responsive genes is modulated by inositol polyphosphates. The INO80 complex is involved in DNA repair by associating to 'Ser-129' phosphorylated H2A histones as a response to DNA damage. During transcription may recruit SPT15/TBP to the TATA-boxes of involved genes. Required for box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNA accumulation and involved in pre-rRNA processing.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] [SWR1_YEAST] Catalytic component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant HZT1 leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling.[19][20][21][22] [H2A1_YEAST] Core component of nucleosome which plays a central role in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.[23][24][25][26] [VPS71_YEAST] Participates in the catalytic exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant HZT1, an euchromatin-specific factor, leading to chromatin remodeling and changes in transcription of targeted genes. Indirectly involved in vacuolar protein sorting.[27][28][29][30] [H2B1_YEAST] Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The yeast SWR1 complex exchanges histone H2A in nucleosomes with Htz1 (H2A.Z in humans). The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the SWR1 complex bound to a nucleosome at 3.6-angstrom resolution reveals details of the intricate interactions between components of the SWR1 complex and its nucleosome substrate. Interactions between the Swr1 motor domains and the DNA wrap at superhelical location 2 distort the DNA, causing a bulge with concomitant translocation of the DNA by one base pair, coupled to conformational changes of the histone core. Furthermore, partial unwrapping of the DNA from the histone core takes place upon binding of nucleosomes to SWR1 complex. The unwrapping, as monitored by single-molecule data, is stabilized and has its dynamics altered by adenosine triphosphate binding but does not require hydrolysis.
Structure and dynamics of the yeast SWR1-nucleosome complex.,Willhoft O, Ghoneim M, Lin CL, Chua EYD, Wilkinson M, Chaban Y, Ayala R, McCormack EA, Ocloo L, Rueda DS, Wigley DB Science. 2018 Oct 12;362(6411). pii: 362/6411/eaat7716. doi:, 10.1126/science.aat7716. PMID:30309918[40]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Shen X, Mizuguchi G, Hamiche A, Wu C. A chromatin remodelling complex involved in transcription and DNA processing. Nature. 2000 Aug 3;406(6795):541-4. PMID:10952318 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35020123
↑ Jonsson ZO, Dhar SK, Narlikar GJ, Auty R, Wagle N, Pellman D, Pratt RE, Kingston R, Dutta A. Rvb1p and Rvb2p are essential components of a chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription of over 5% of yeast genes. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 11;276(19):16279-88. Epub 2001 Feb 5. PMID:11278922 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M011523200
↑ Mizuguchi G, Shen X, Landry J, Wu WH, Sen S, Wu C. ATP-driven exchange of histone H2AZ variant catalyzed by SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):343-8. Epub 2003 Nov 26. PMID:14645854 doi:10.1126/science.1090701
↑ Krogan NJ, Keogh MC, Datta N, Sawa C, Ryan OW, Ding H, Haw RA, Pootoolal J, Tong A, Canadien V, Richards DP, Wu X, Emili A, Hughes TR, Buratowski S, Greenblatt JF. A Snf2 family ATPase complex required for recruitment of the histone H2A variant Htz1. Mol Cell. 2003 Dec;12(6):1565-76. PMID:14690608
↑ Kobor MS, Venkatasubrahmanyam S, Meneghini MD, Gin JW, Jennings JL, Link AJ, Madhani HD, Rine J. A protein complex containing the conserved Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase Swr1p deposits histone variant H2A.Z into euchromatin. PLoS Biol. 2004 May;2(5):E131. Epub 2004 Mar 23. PMID:15045029 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020131
↑ Jonsson ZO, Jha S, Wohlschlegel JA, Dutta A. Rvb1p/Rvb2p recruit Arp5p and assemble a functional Ino80 chromatin remodeling complex. Mol Cell. 2004 Nov 5;16(3):465-77. PMID:15525518 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S1097276504005854
↑ Mizuguchi G, Shen X, Landry J, Wu WH, Sen S, Wu C. ATP-driven exchange of histone H2AZ variant catalyzed by SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):343-8. Epub 2003 Nov 26. PMID:14645854 doi:10.1126/science.1090701
↑ Krogan NJ, Keogh MC, Datta N, Sawa C, Ryan OW, Ding H, Haw RA, Pootoolal J, Tong A, Canadien V, Richards DP, Wu X, Emili A, Hughes TR, Buratowski S, Greenblatt JF. A Snf2 family ATPase complex required for recruitment of the histone H2A variant Htz1. Mol Cell. 2003 Dec;12(6):1565-76. PMID:14690608
↑ Kobor MS, Venkatasubrahmanyam S, Meneghini MD, Gin JW, Jennings JL, Link AJ, Madhani HD, Rine J. A protein complex containing the conserved Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase Swr1p deposits histone variant H2A.Z into euchromatin. PLoS Biol. 2004 May;2(5):E131. Epub 2004 Mar 23. PMID:15045029 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020131
↑ Lim CR, Kimata Y, Ohdate H, Kokubo T, Kikuchi N, Horigome T, Kohno K. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RuvB-like protein, Tih2p, is required for cell cycle progression and RNA polymerase II-directed transcription. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 21;275(29):22409-17. PMID:10787406 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M001031200
↑ Shen X, Mizuguchi G, Hamiche A, Wu C. A chromatin remodelling complex involved in transcription and DNA processing. Nature. 2000 Aug 3;406(6795):541-4. PMID:10952318 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35020123
↑ Jonsson ZO, Dhar SK, Narlikar GJ, Auty R, Wagle N, Pellman D, Pratt RE, Kingston R, Dutta A. Rvb1p and Rvb2p are essential components of a chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription of over 5% of yeast genes. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 11;276(19):16279-88. Epub 2001 Feb 5. PMID:11278922 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M011523200
↑ King TH, Decatur WA, Bertrand E, Maxwell ES, Fournier MJ. A well-connected and conserved nucleoplasmic helicase is required for production of box C/D and H/ACA snoRNAs and localization of snoRNP proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Nov;21(22):7731-46. PMID:11604509 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.21.22.7731-7746.2001
↑ Ohdate H, Lim CR, Kokubo T, Matsubara K, Kimata Y, Kohno K. Impairment of the DNA binding activity of the TATA-binding protein renders the transcriptional function of Rvb2p/Tih2p, the yeast RuvB-like protein, essential for cell growth. J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 25;278(17):14647-56. Epub 2003 Feb 6. PMID:12576485 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M213220200
↑ Mizuguchi G, Shen X, Landry J, Wu WH, Sen S, Wu C. ATP-driven exchange of histone H2AZ variant catalyzed by SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):343-8. Epub 2003 Nov 26. PMID:14645854 doi:10.1126/science.1090701
↑ Krogan NJ, Keogh MC, Datta N, Sawa C, Ryan OW, Ding H, Haw RA, Pootoolal J, Tong A, Canadien V, Richards DP, Wu X, Emili A, Hughes TR, Buratowski S, Greenblatt JF. A Snf2 family ATPase complex required for recruitment of the histone H2A variant Htz1. Mol Cell. 2003 Dec;12(6):1565-76. PMID:14690608
↑ Kobor MS, Venkatasubrahmanyam S, Meneghini MD, Gin JW, Jennings JL, Link AJ, Madhani HD, Rine J. A protein complex containing the conserved Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase Swr1p deposits histone variant H2A.Z into euchromatin. PLoS Biol. 2004 May;2(5):E131. Epub 2004 Mar 23. PMID:15045029 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020131
↑ Jonsson ZO, Jha S, Wohlschlegel JA, Dutta A. Rvb1p/Rvb2p recruit Arp5p and assemble a functional Ino80 chromatin remodeling complex. Mol Cell. 2004 Nov 5;16(3):465-77. PMID:15525518 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S1097276504005854
↑ Krogan NJ, Keogh MC, Datta N, Sawa C, Ryan OW, Ding H, Haw RA, Pootoolal J, Tong A, Canadien V, Richards DP, Wu X, Emili A, Hughes TR, Buratowski S, Greenblatt JF. A Snf2 family ATPase complex required for recruitment of the histone H2A variant Htz1. Mol Cell. 2003 Dec;12(6):1565-76. PMID:14690608
↑ Kobor MS, Venkatasubrahmanyam S, Meneghini MD, Gin JW, Jennings JL, Link AJ, Madhani HD, Rine J. A protein complex containing the conserved Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase Swr1p deposits histone variant H2A.Z into euchromatin. PLoS Biol. 2004 May;2(5):E131. Epub 2004 Mar 23. PMID:15045029 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020131
↑ Krogan NJ, Baetz K, Keogh MC, Datta N, Sawa C, Kwok TC, Thompson NJ, Davey MG, Pootoolal J, Hughes TR, Emili A, Buratowski S, Hieter P, Greenblatt JF. Regulation of chromosome stability by the histone H2A variant Htz1, the Swr1 chromatin remodeling complex, and the histone acetyltransferase NuA4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Sep 14;101(37):13513-8. Epub 2004 Sep 7. PMID:15353583 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405753101
↑ Mizuguchi G, Shen X, Landry J, Wu WH, Sen S, Wu C. ATP-driven exchange of histone H2AZ variant catalyzed by SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):343-8. Epub 2003 Nov 26. PMID:14645854 doi:10.1126/science.1090701
↑ Downs JA, Lowndes NF, Jackson SP. A role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone H2A in DNA repair. Nature. 2000 Dec 21-28;408(6815):1001-4. PMID:11140636 doi:10.1038/35050000
↑ Shroff R, Arbel-Eden A, Pilch D, Ira G, Bonner WM, Petrini JH, Haber JE, Lichten M. Distribution and dynamics of chromatin modification induced by a defined DNA double-strand break. Curr Biol. 2004 Oct 5;14(19):1703-11. PMID:15458641 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.09.047
↑ Unal E, Arbel-Eden A, Sattler U, Shroff R, Lichten M, Haber JE, Koshland D. DNA damage response pathway uses histone modification to assemble a double-strand break-specific cohesin domain. Mol Cell. 2004 Dec 22;16(6):991-1002. PMID:15610741 doi:S1097276504007191
↑ Keogh MC, Kim JA, Downey M, Fillingham J, Chowdhury D, Harrison JC, Onishi M, Datta N, Galicia S, Emili A, Lieberman J, Shen X, Buratowski S, Haber JE, Durocher D, Greenblatt JF, Krogan NJ. A phosphatase complex that dephosphorylates gammaH2AX regulates DNA damage checkpoint recovery. Nature. 2006 Jan 26;439(7075):497-501. Epub 2005 Nov 20. PMID:16299494 doi:nature04384
↑ Bonangelino CJ, Chavez EM, Bonifacino JS. Genomic screen for vacuolar protein sorting genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell. 2002 Jul;13(7):2486-501. PMID:12134085 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.02-01-0005
↑ Mizuguchi G, Shen X, Landry J, Wu WH, Sen S, Wu C. ATP-driven exchange of histone H2AZ variant catalyzed by SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):343-8. Epub 2003 Nov 26. PMID:14645854 doi:10.1126/science.1090701
↑ Krogan NJ, Keogh MC, Datta N, Sawa C, Ryan OW, Ding H, Haw RA, Pootoolal J, Tong A, Canadien V, Richards DP, Wu X, Emili A, Hughes TR, Buratowski S, Greenblatt JF. A Snf2 family ATPase complex required for recruitment of the histone H2A variant Htz1. Mol Cell. 2003 Dec;12(6):1565-76. PMID:14690608
↑ Kobor MS, Venkatasubrahmanyam S, Meneghini MD, Gin JW, Jennings JL, Link AJ, Madhani HD, Rine J. A protein complex containing the conserved Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase Swr1p deposits histone variant H2A.Z into euchromatin. PLoS Biol. 2004 May;2(5):E131. Epub 2004 Mar 23. PMID:15045029 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020131
↑ Martini EM, Keeney S, Osley MA. A role for histone H2B during repair of UV-induced DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 2002 Apr;160(4):1375-87. PMID:11973294
↑ Kao CF, Hillyer C, Tsukuda T, Henry K, Berger S, Osley MA. Rad6 plays a role in transcriptional activation through ubiquitylation of histone H2B. Genes Dev. 2004 Jan 15;18(2):184-95. PMID:14752010 doi:10.1101/gad.1149604
↑ Yamashita K, Shinohara M, Shinohara A. Rad6-Bre1-mediated histone H2B ubiquitylation modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 3;101(31):11380-5. Epub 2004 Jul 27. PMID:15280549 doi:10.1073/pnas.0400078101
↑ Ahn SH, Cheung WL, Hsu JY, Diaz RL, Smith MM, Allis CD. Sterile 20 kinase phosphorylates histone H2B at serine 10 during hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in S. cerevisiae. Cell. 2005 Jan 14;120(1):25-36. PMID:15652479 doi:S009286740401092X
↑ Ahn SH, Henderson KA, Keeney S, Allis CD. H2B (Ser10) phosphorylation is induced during apoptosis and meiosis in S. cerevisiae. Cell Cycle. 2005 Jun;4(6):780-3. Epub 2005 Jun 14. PMID:15970663
↑ Giannattasio M, Lazzaro F, Plevani P, Muzi-Falconi M. The DNA damage checkpoint response requires histone H2B ubiquitination by Rad6-Bre1 and H3 methylation by Dot1. J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 18;280(11):9879-86. Epub 2005 Jan 4. PMID:15632126 doi:M414453200
↑ Xiao T, Kao CF, Krogan NJ, Sun ZW, Greenblatt JF, Osley MA, Strahl BD. Histone H2B ubiquitylation is associated with elongating RNA polymerase II. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Jan;25(2):637-51. PMID:15632065 doi:25/2/637
↑ Nathan D, Ingvarsdottir K, Sterner DE, Bylebyl GR, Dokmanovic M, Dorsey JA, Whelan KA, Krsmanovic M, Lane WS, Meluh PB, Johnson ES, Berger SL. Histone sumoylation is a negative regulator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and shows dynamic interplay with positive-acting histone modifications. Genes Dev. 2006 Apr 15;20(8):966-76. Epub 2006 Apr 5. PMID:16598039 doi:gad.1404206
↑ Willhoft O, Ghoneim M, Lin CL, Chua EYD, Wilkinson M, Chaban Y, Ayala R, McCormack EA, Ocloo L, Rueda DS, Wigley DB. Structure and dynamics of the yeast SWR1-nucleosome complex. Science. 2018 Oct 12;362(6411). pii: 362/6411/eaat7716. doi:, 10.1126/science.aat7716. PMID:30309918 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat7716
