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HlyIIR (Hemolysin II Regulator) is a transcriptional regulator of the gene for pore-forming toxin hemolysin II of Bacillus cereus.

Contents


Introduction

B. cereus is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, commonly found in soil or water. It is also found as a contaminant in food and pharmaceutical products.[1] [2] Some strains of this microorganism could caus emetic and enteric food-poisoning, periodontitis and systemic infections.[3] The pathogenic properties of B. cereus are determined by the production of several extracellular virulence factors.[4] Production of such toxins by bacterial cells is tightly controlled by different regulatory systems. [5][6] In particular, synthesis of pore-forming cytotoxin hemolysin II is controlled at the level of transcription by HlyIIR.[7][8]


[9]

References

  1. ↑ Garcia Arribas ML, Plaza CJ, de la Rosa MC, Mosso MA. Characterization of Bacillus cereus strains isolated from drugs and evaluation of their toxins. J Appl Bacteriol. 1988 Mar;64(3):257-64. PMID:3133346
  2. ↑ Anderson Borge GI, Skeie M, Sorhaug T, Langsrud T, Granum PE. Growth and toxin profiles of Bacillus cereus isolated from different food sources. Int J Food Microbiol. 2001 Sep 28;69(3):237-46. PMID:11603861
  3. ↑ Lund T, De Buyser ML, Granum PE. A new cytotoxin from Bacillus cereus that may cause necrotic enteritis. Mol Microbiol. 2000 Oct;38(2):254-61. PMID:11069652
  4. ↑ Granum PE, Lund T. Bacillus cereus and its food poisoning toxins. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1997 Dec 15;157(2):223-8. PMID:9435100
  5. ↑ Slamti L, Lereclus D. A cell-cell signaling peptide activates the PlcR virulence regulon in bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group. EMBO J. 2002 Sep 2;21(17):4550-9. PMID:12198157
  6. ↑ Harvie DR, Vilchez S, Steggles JR, Ellar DJ. Bacillus cereus Fur regulates iron metabolism and is required for full virulence. Microbiology. 2005 Feb;151(Pt 2):569-77. PMID:15699205 doi:151/2/569
  7. ↑ Budarina ZI, Nikitin DV, Zenkin N, Zakharova M, Semenova E, Shlyapnikov MG, Rodikova EA, Masyukova S, Ogarkov O, Baida GE, Solonin AS, Severinov K. A new Bacillus cereus DNA-binding protein, HlyIIR, negatively regulates expression of B. cereus haemolysin II. Microbiology. 2004 Nov;150(Pt 11):3691-701. PMID:15528656 doi:150/11/3691
  8. ↑ Rodikova EA, Kovalevskiy OV, Mayorov SG, Budarina ZI, Marchenkov VV, Melnik BS, Leech AP, Nikitin DV, Shlyapnikov MG, Solonin AS. Two HlyIIR dimers bind to a long perfect inverted repeat in the operator of the hemolysin II gene from Bacillus cereus. FEBS Lett. 2007 Mar 20;581(6):1190-6. Epub 2007 Feb 28. PMID:17346714 doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.02.035
  9. ↑ . PMID:216315890657



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