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Introduction
'Ena/VASP protein family contributes cell motility and cell adhesion through the regulation of actin dynamics and consists of three members in mammalian: Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), Mena (mammalian enabled), and the Ena-VASP-like protein Evl. They contain three domains: N-terminal Ena/Vasp like homology domain 1 (EVH1) with an optimal core consensus motif of “FPPPP”, central proline-rich region and C-terminal EVH2 domain. Mena contains a 91-residue region between the EVH1 domain and proline-rich core with 13 repeats of a 5-residue “LERER" motif[1]. Ena/VASP proteins localize in the hot spots of actin reassembly such as tips of lamellipodia and filopodia.
Sequence annotation
VASP uniprot
Mena (Protein enabled homolog) uniprot
Evl uniprot
Structure
1egx NMR Structure of EVH1 domain of human VASP
1usd 1use Crystal structure of C-terminal coil -coiled part of EVH2 domain of human VASP
Function and interaction
EVH1 domain of Mena/VASP binds to the cytoskeleton proteins containing FPPPP motif, such as vinculin [2], lamellipodin [3], zyxin [4], palladin [5] and Xin [6]. The Pro-rich region of Mena/VASP binds profilin and the SH3 and WW domains of various signaling and scaffolding proteins. EVH2 domain comprises F- ang G-Actin binding sites and C-terminal coiled coil region, also known as tetramerization domain [7]. It is suggested that Mena/VASP bind to the barbed end of actin filaments and prevent their capping by CapZ [8].
Pathology
It was shown that delocalization of Mena/VASP proteins from intercalated discs at the interface of myocytes cause the severe cardiomyopathy [9]
References
- ↑ Gertler FB, Niebuhr K, Reinhard M, Wehland J, Soriano P. Mena, a relative of VASP and Drosophila Enabled, is implicated in the control of microfilament dynamics. Cell. 1996 Oct 18;87(2):227-39. PMID:8861907
- ↑ Reinhard M, Rudiger M, Jockusch BM, Walter U. VASP interaction with vinculin: a recurring theme of interactions with proline-rich motifs. FEBS Lett. 1996 Dec 9;399(1-2):103-7. PMID:8980130
- ↑ Krause M, Leslie JD, Stewart M, Lafuente EM, Valderrama F, Jagannathan R, Strasser GA, Rubinson DA, Liu H, Way M, Yaffe MB, Boussiotis VA, Gertler FB. Lamellipodin, an Ena/VASP ligand, is implicated in the regulation of lamellipodial dynamics. Dev Cell. 2004 Oct;7(4):571-83. PMID:15469845 doi:S1534580704003302
- ↑ Drees B, Friederich E, Fradelizi J, Louvard D, Beckerle MC, Golsteyn RM. Characterization of the interaction between zyxin and members of the Ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein family of proteins. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 21;275(29):22503-11. PMID:10801818 doi:10.1074/jbc.M001698200
- ↑ Boukhelifa M, Parast MM, Bear JE, Gertler FB, Otey CA. Palladin is a novel binding partner for Ena/VASP family members. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2004 May;58(1):17-29. PMID:14983521 doi:10.1002/cm.10173
- ↑ van der Ven PF, Ehler E, Vakeel P, Eulitz S, Schenk JA, Milting H, Micheel B, Furst DO. Unusual splicing events result in distinct Xin isoforms that associate differentially with filamin c and Mena/VASP. Exp Cell Res. 2006 Jul 1;312(11):2154-67. Epub 2006 Apr 24. PMID:16631741 doi:S0014-4827(06)00110-8
- ↑ Bachmann C, Fischer L, Walter U, Reinhard M. The EVH2 domain of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein mediates tetramerization, F-actin binding, and actin bundle formation. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 13;274(33):23549-57. PMID:10438535
- ↑ Bachmann C, Fischer L, Walter U, Reinhard M. The EVH2 domain of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein mediates tetramerization, F-actin binding, and actin bundle formation. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 13;274(33):23549-57. PMID:10438535
- ↑ Eigenthaler M, Engelhardt S, Schinke B, Kobsar A, Schmitteckert E, Gambaryan S, Engelhardt CM, Krenn V, Eliava M, Jarchau T, Lohse MJ, Walter U, Hein L. Disruption of cardiac Ena-VASP protein localization in intercalated disks causes dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):H2471-81. Epub 2003 Aug, 21. PMID:12933343 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00362.2003
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