Alkaline phosphatase
From Proteopedia
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme which removes phosphate from nucleotides, proteins and alkaloids. The enzyme is most effective in alkaline environment.
Fructose bisphosphate aldolase is an enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glycolyis is responsible for the conversion of glucose into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules without the need for oxygen. The process generates two net ATP. The overall reaction is:
Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 pyruvate (3-carbon product) + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H20 + 4 H+
Gluconeogenesis is responsible for maintaining the appropriate levels of blood glucose in animals by generating glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. Gluconeogenesis can make glucose from lactate, pyruvate, citric acid cycle intermediates and from most amino acids (the exceptions being leucine and lysine). The common intermediate for all of the precursors on their way to becoming glucose must be oxaloacetate.
The aldolase catalyzes the reversible cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP). Different isozymes of aldolase can also catalyze the cleavage of fructose 1-phosphate to diydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde (GA). Different isozymes exhibit preferences for either or both of the substrates, depending on the role of the aldolase (i.e. gluconeogenesis versus glycolysis).[1]
3D Structures of alkaline phosphatase
Update November 2011
1alk, 1ed9, 1ed8 – EcALP + Zn + Mg – Eschechia coli
3bdh - EcALP + Mg
1aja, 3bdf, 3bdg – EcALP (mutant)
1ali, 1ajb, 1ajc, 1ajd, 1alj, 1ani, 1anj, 2anh, 1hqa, 1urb, 1hjk, 1khk, 1kh7 - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + Mg
1ura - EcALP (mutant) + Zn
1khn - EcALP (mutant) + Zn
1b8j - EcALP + Zn + Mg + VO4
1kh5 - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + Mg + AlF3
1khj - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + AlF3
1k7h – nsALP + Zn + maleic acid – northern shrimp
1shq - nsALP + Zn + Mg
1zeb - hALP + Zn + Mg – human
1zef - hALP + Zn + Mg + phenylalanine
2glq - hALP + Zn + Mg + Sr
3e2d – ALP + Zn + Mg – Vibrio
3a52 - ALP + Zn + Mg – Shewanella
ALP complexes with phosphate derivative
1khl, 3dyc - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + phosphate
1alh, 3tg0 - EcALP + Zn + phosphate
1y6v - EcALP + Co + phosphate
1y7a - EcALP (mutant) + Co + phosphate
1elx, 1ely, 1elz, 1kh9, 1kh4, 2g9y, 3cmr - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + Mg + phosphate
3dpc - EcALP (mutant) + phosphorylated peptide
2ga3 - EcALP (mutant) + Zn + Mg + phosphothreonine
1ew8 - EcALP + Zn + phosphonoacetic acid + phosphate
1ew9 - EcALP + Zn + Mg + mercaptomethyl phosphonate
1shn - nsALP + Zn + phosphate
1zed - hALP + Zn + Mg + PO3 + nitrophenyl hydrogen methylphosphonate
3mk0, 3mk1 - hALP + Zn + Mg + phosphate + nitrophenol + phosphoserine
3mk2 - hALP + Zn + Mg + phosphoserine
2iuc - AbALP + Zn + Mg + phosphate – Antarctic bacterium
2w5v, 2w5x - AbALP (mutant) + Zn + Mg + phosphoserine
2w5w - AbALP (mutant) + Zn + phosphoserine
2x98 - ALP + Zn + Mg + phosphate – Halobacterium salinarum
