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Sandbox Reserved 770

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This Sandbox is Reserved from Sep 25, 2013, through Mar 31, 2014 for use in the course "BCH455/555 Proteins and Molecular Mechanisms" taught by Michael B. Goshe at the North Carolina State University. This reservation includes Sandbox Reserved 299, Sandbox Reserved 300 and Sandbox Reserved 760 through Sandbox Reserved 779.
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Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase

PAL (fungi) at 2.1 Å (1T6J) tetramer. The two identical chains are different colors. Ligand is the catalyst 4-carboxycinnamic acid (CIN).

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Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) catalyses the first and committed step in the phenyl propanoid pathway, forming trans-cinnamic acid by non-oxidative deamination of L-phenylalanine. Biosynthesis of polyphenol compounds are found in lignin in plants, some yeast and fungi. [1]


PAL is the most studied enzyme corcerning secondary metabolism in plants due to the significant fluctuations in enzyme levels within relatively short time intervals in response to a variety of stimuli. Activation of PAL is induced in response to various stimuli such as tissue wounding, pathogenic attack, ultra-violet light radiation, low temperatures, and hormones. PAL substitution therapy has been used in phenylketonuria treatment. The reverse reaction of PAL is used to create L-phenylalanine, a precursor for Aspartame sweetener. [2]

Contents


General Information

Gene Name: PAL [3]

Organism: Rhodosporidium toruloides [3]

Classification: Lyase [4]

Sequence Length: 1432 Residues [5]

Molecular Weight: 155505.58 Da [6]

Isoelectric Point: 6.68 [5]

Chains: A, B [6]

Ligands: 715 [7], 4-Carboxycinnamic Acid (CIN) [8], Selenomethionine (MSE) [9]

Kinetic Parameters: Km=0.29 mM [3]

pH Dependence: Optimal pH=8.5 [3]

Structure

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase

References

  1. ↑ http://www.sciencedirect.com.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/science/article/pii/S0031942200804653
  2. ↑ http://www.sciencedirect.com.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/science/article/pii/0031942273850010#
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P11544
  4. ↑ http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1T6J
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 http://isoelectric.ovh.org/files/calculate.php
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1T6J
  7. ↑ http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-het?175
  8. ↑ http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-het?CIN
  9. ↑ http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-het?MSE
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